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A W2U3 Chem of Life
Chemistry of Life
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Catabolism | The breakdown of complex molecules in living organisms to form simpler ones, together with the release of energy (destructive metabolism |
| Adenosine Triphosphate ATP | Important molecule composed of adenine and ribose sugar (adenosine) attached a string of 3 phosphate groups HIGH ENERGY BONDS |
| Anabolism | The synthesis of complex molecules in living organisms form simpler one together with the storage of energy (constructive metabolism) |
| Colloid | a homogeneous noncrystalline substance consisting of large molecules or ultramicroscopic particles of one substance dispersed through a second substance. Colloids include gels, sols, and emulsions; the particles do not settle, and cannot be separated out |
| Covalent Bond | a chemical bond in which atoms share pairs of electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration, typically forming between nonmetal atoms. This sharing allows the participating atoms to complete their outermost electron shells, or achieve a stable "oct |
| Decomposition reaction | a chemical reaction where one compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances. This reaction is the reverse of a synthesis reaction, and energy, often in the form of heat, light, or electricity, is typically required to break the chemical bonds w |
| Deyhdration synthesis | a chemical process that builds a larger molecule from two smaller ones by removing a water molecule (H₂O) and forming a new covalent bond. Think of it as "building by drying out," where "dehydration" means losing water, and "synthesis" means to create |
| Exchange reaction | a chemical reaction where parts of the reacting molecules, like atoms or functional groups, are interchanged, forming two new compounds. The general form of an exchange reaction is AB + CD → AD + CB, where A and C are cations and B and D are anions (or vi |
| Hydrolysis | a chemical reaction where water is used to break down a molecule into smaller parts by splitting a bond |
| Element | Pure - cannot be broken down or decomposed into two of more different substances. |
| Compound | When two or more elements join |
| Octet rule | Atoms with fewer than 8 electrons in the outer energy level will <loose gain or share> electrons w/ other atoms for stability |
| Isotope | An element contain the same #protons but different # of neutrons |
| molecules | Result of reactions create crystals |
| chemical bonds | the force of attraction between atoms or ions that holds them together in a molecule or crystal. Atoms form chemical bonds by sharing or transferring their outer-shell (valence) electrons to achieve a more stable, full electron configuration. |
| ionic / electrovalent bonds | a chemical bond formed by the transfer of elctrons from one atom to another |
| covalent bonds | A chemical bond formed by sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between the outer energy levels of two atoms |
| hydrogen bonds | a weak attraction that forms between a hydrogen atom in one molecule (which is already bonded to a highly electronegative atom like oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine) and a lone pair of electrons on another nearby electronegative atom in a different molecule. |
| aqueous solution | Water is the solvent in which most other compounds or solutes are dissolved. When water is the solvent (dissolver) for a mixture of two or more kinds of molecules, the blend is called ____ |
| Cytoplasm | jelly-like, gel-like substance within a cell that contains organelles, the cytosol (fluid portion), and cytoplasmic inclusions. Its primary function is to act as a medium for the majority of metabolic activities and biochemical processes, including glyco |
| exchange reaction | question 4 answ: Which type of chemical reaction results in the breakdown of a complex substance into two or more simpler substances? |
| synthesis reaction | a chemical reaction in which two or more simple reactants combine to form a single, more complex product. This process typically involves the formation of new chemical bonds, creating a new substance with different properties than the original reactants. |
| reversible reaction | a chemical reaction where reactants can form products, and those products can then revert back to the original reactants under the right conditions. This |
| decomposition reaction | a chemical reaction in which a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances or products. This process is the opposite of a synthesis reaction, where simpler substances combine to form a single compound. Decomposition reactions require e |
Created by:
Mwill24