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Grammar Assessment 4
Part A - Review over content from chapter 4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Coordination | A way of expanding sentences in which two or more structures of the same form serve as a unit. |
| Coordinating Conjunction | A conjunction that connects two or more sentences or structures within a sentence: and, but, or, nor, for, yet. |
| Parallel Structure | A coordinate structure in which all the coordinate parts are of the same grammatical form: I'll take either "a bus" or "a taxi." (parallel noun phrases.) |
| Parallelism | Another term for "parallel structure." |
| Gerund | An --ing verb functioning as a nominal (functions as a noun): I enjoy "jogging,"; "Running" is good exercise; After "getting" my pilot's license, I hope to fly to Lake Tahoe. |
| Series | Three or more words, phrases, or clauses joined together. Commas are used to separate the parallel coordinate elements. |
| Serial Comma | The comma that is used before the conjunction in a series: On our fishing trip to Alaska, we caught salmon, halibut, "and" the elusive Arctic grayling. Some publications, as a matter of policy, omit the serial comma. |
| What are the Fanboys? | For, and, nor, but, or, yet, so. |
| Climax | The arrangement of a series of words, phrases, or clauses in order of scope, length, or importance. |
| Triplet | A three-item series: Residents of the park include "elk, bison, and grizzly bears." |
| Correlative Conjunction | A two-part conjunction that expresses a relationship between the coordinated structures: either--or, neither--nor, both--and, not only--but also. |
| What are the correlative conjunctions? | 1. both--and 2. either--or 3. not only--but also 4. neither--nor |
| Do correlative conjunctions come in pairs? | Yes; correlative conjunctions always come in pairs to connect grammatically equal elements (words, phrases, or clauses) within a sentence. |
| Is "as well" a correlative conjunction? | No, "as well as" is not a correlative conjunction; it is a phrasal connective or complex preposition that acts similarly to the correlative conjunction "not only...but also" by giving unequal emphasis to the joined elements. It suggests "in addition to." |
| Subject-verb agreement | A third person singular subject in the present tense takes the --s form of the verb: The dog "barks" all night; He "bothers" the neighbors. A plural takes the base form: The dogs "bark"; "They bother" the neighbors. (Substitute dog with "he, she, it.") |
| Person (of the subject) | A feature of personal pronouns relating to point of view, the relationship of the writer or speaker to the reader or listener: It can refer to the writer or speaker (1st person), the person addressed (2nd person), and the person/thing spoken about (3rd.) |
| Clause | A structure with a subject and a predicate. The sentence patterns are clause patterns. |
| Sentence | A word or group of words based on one or more subject-predicate, or clause, patterns. The written sentence begins with a capital letter and ends with terminal punctuation--a period, a question mark, or an exclamation point. |
| Independent Clause | A sequence of words that includes a subject and a predicate and can stand alone. A sentence must have at least one independent clause. |
| Simple Sentence | When an independent clause begins with a capital letter and ends with a period (or other terminal mark of punctuation.) Contains a single subject and predicate. |
| Compound Sentence | A sentence with two or more independent clauses. |
| Conjunctive Adverb | A conjunction that connects two independent clauses with an adverbial emphasis, such as however, therefore, moreover, and nevertheless. |
| Transitional Phrase | A prepositional phrase used to relate ideas in adjacent sentences. |
| Personal definition for "coordination" *not on test. | The method of joining two or more words, phrases, or independent clauses of equal importance or grammatical value within a single sentence. |
| What are the third-person pronouns? | He, she, it, and they. (These can substitute for the subject in a third person sentence.) |
| Conjunction | One of the closed-classes, which includes connectors that coordinate structures of many forms (ex: and, or, but), subordinate clauses (ex: if, because, when), and coordinate clauses with an adverbial emphasis (ex: however, therefore.) |
| Sentence from reading | The power of the correlatives lies in their ability to change the rhythm and focus of the sentence and to set up different expectations in the reader. |
| What are "the big three?" | And, but, or. These are the three primary coordinating conjunctions. |
| Common sentence-connecting conjunctive adverbs: | moreover, furthermore, further, also (addition) meanwhile, then, afterward, previously (time) however, instead, rather (contrast) therefore, consequently, thus (result) though (concession) indeed, nevertheless, still (reinforcement) |
| True or False: Conjunctive adverbs are highly movable | True; they can be moved around in various places in the sentence. |
| List of transitional phrases (preposition phrases functioning as sentence connectors) | In addition to, in the meantime, in contrast, on the contrary, as a result, in the end, of course, at any rate, at least, in fact, above all, in particular. Like conjunctive adverbs, they can appear at various points in a sentence (movability.) |
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FaithMcBaith
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