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Biology Unit 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Fact | Something true that can be tested |
| Principle | A general idea about how the world works that can be tested |
| Law | A pattern in nature |
| Theory | Our best explanation for why something happens |
| Observation | a description of something you can see, smell, touch, taste, hear, or measure |
| Inference | a guess based on observations |
| qualitative | data without numbers (quality) |
| quantitative | data with numbers (quantity) |
| precision | how close your measurements are to each other |
| accuracy | how close your measurements are to the correct value |
| hypothesis | a testable prediction |
| Independent Variable | What you choose or change in the experiment. The cause. (What "I" choose or change) |
| Dependent Variable | The Data collected in an experiment ("D" for Data). The Effect. |
| Control Group | A group used for comparison in an experiment. This is the "normal" group. |
| Constants | everything that must stay the same in an experiment |
| Matter | anything that has mass and occupies space, the "stuff" in our world |
| Atom | the smallest particle of an element |
| Elements needed for life | Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Sulfur |
| Cell | the most basic unit of life, the smallest thing that can still be alive |
| Important properties of water | The molecules "stick together" and "stick" to other molecules - cohesion and adhesion The temperature does not change easily - high specific heat Ice is less dense than liquid Is good at dissolving things - a terrific solvent |
| Properties | Facts that describe something in science |
| Hydrophilic | "water loving" this means something dissolves in water hydro=water philic=loving |
| Hydrophobic | "water fearing" this means something does not dissolve in water hydro=water phobic=fear |
| Polar molecule | The molecules has small charges in it, water has this property! Other polar molecules will dissolve in water and are hydrophilic. |
| macromolecule | large organic molecules (molecules with carbon in them) that make up all living things macro=large |
| Types of macromolecules | carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids |
| monomers | small molecules that can be connected to themselves (like bricks) mono=one |
| polymers | large molecules made of monomers connected in a huge change (like a brick wall) poly=many |
| function of carbohydrates | easy energy storage |
| examples of carbohydrates | starch, glycogen, cellulose |
| monomer in a carbohydrate | simple sugars (monosaccharides) mono=one saccharide=sugar |
| polymer in a carbohydrate | larger sugar molecules (polysaccharides) poly=many saccharide=sugar |
| function of lipids | long energy storage |
| monomer in a lipid | fatty acid |
| polymer in a lipid | triglyceride tri=three glyceride=a fat |
| phospholipid | a lipid with a head that is hydrophilic and a tail that is hydrophobic. This makes it possible for it to interact with both water loving and water "fearing" things. |
| function of protein - enzymes | speed up chemical reactions |
| function of protein - hormones | hormones are chemical messengers that tell cells what they need to be doing next (like insulin) |
| function of proteins in general | They do so much!!! some proteins make up bones and muscles (like collagen) some transport things in the body (like hemoglobin) movement energy source |
| function of proteins - antibodies | help fight diseases |
| monomer in a protein | amino acid |
| polymer in a protein | polypeptide poly=many peptide=amino acids |
| structure of a protein | The structure gives it its function. The shape of the protein makes it possible for it to do its unique job. |
| function of nucleic acids | information storage (like DNA and RNA) nucleic = nucleus |
| monomer in nucleic acids | nucleotides (adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine, uracil) |
| polymer in nucleic acids | DNA or RNA |
| Basal Metabolic Rate | How many calories your body uses to run itself, even if you stay in bed all day |
| ATP | The energy molecule in your body. Your cells break down food to make this energy. |
Created by:
mharms