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Rsrch,Exp Esgns &mor
research
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| APA Code of Ethics ethics | -informed consent/ assents (minors) -avoid harm -confidential and or anonymous -debriefing -right to withdraw (institutional review board (IRB): used for organizations) |
| informed consent | participants must be told enough about the study, including its purpose, risks, and benefits, to decide whether to participate (assents for minors) |
| avoid harm | psychologists must take steps to avoid or minimize harm to those whom they work with |
| confidentiality | participant information must be kept private |
| debriefing | participants must be informed of the study's results and purpose afterward, especially if deception was used |
| right to withdraw | participants can leave the study at any time without penalty and may withdraw their data if they choose |
| types of research | -experimental (IV and DV) -naturalistic observation -meta-analysis -non-experimental (V of interest) -clinical (case study) -correlational |
| experimental | (IV and DV) random assignment, cause and effect |
| naturalistic observation | watching, no manipulation |
| meta analysis | reviewing research already done |
| non-experimental | (V of interest) non random |
| clinical (case study) | (case study) study group of ppl or person over period of time in in-depth study |
| correlational | comparing variables, looking at relationships |
| biases to research | hindsight bias, confirmation bias, overconfidence |
| hindsight bias | knew it all along |
| confirmation bias | finding info to support our existing beliefs |
| overconfidence | more confident in our own abilities |
| good research must have | hypothesis -falsbifiable: can be proven wrong operational definitions: what is being measured and how its being measured -ex: aggression theory- explain phenomenon (comes at the end) |
| when we collect data, it goes into two categories: | qualitative data and quantitative data |
| qualitative data | person accounts/ interviews, surveys, documents -surveys: watch out for self-report bias/ social desirability bias |
| quantitative data | (numerical or measurable data) -likert scale (1-5) -effect size: larger number stronger relationship, better generalization |
| experimental research | cause & effect -indep. var.: manipulate -dep. var.: measured -confounding: accdntly manipulate data, interfere cntrls -control grp: no treatment, compare -experimentl: receives trtment -subjec, experimenter, confederate |
| subject | (control) anyone going to be studied |
| experimenter | (control) in charge, doing the experiment |
| confederates | (control) in on it, actors |
| one more part of experimental research | use random assignment (only experiment) **** reduces confounding variables -groups chosen by random from sample |
| all research designs have: | population and sample (random assignment?)? |
| convenience sampling | ? |
| random sampling | (don't confuse with random assignment)(when take from population) |
| in research designs, watch out for | sample bias |
| generalization | sample can be applied to population -look at who/how many subjects made up sample -to be generalizable your sample must represent the whole population |
| single blind study | eliminates the social desirability bias |
| double blind study | eliminates experimenter bias |
| watch out for placebo effect | ? |
| what do single blind study and double blind study eliminate/ get rid of | bias, not placebo (experimented doesn't know which group they're in) |
| correlational studies | -measures the strength of relationship between two variables ***correlation does not prove causation -third variables |
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113014