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AP Bio SA Chp 1-4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Biosphere | The global sum of all ecosystems, including all life and the environments they inhabit. |
| ecosystems | Communities of living organisms interacting with their nonliving environment. |
| communities | All the different populations of organisms living and interacting in a particular area. |
| What are the 7 properties of life? | Order, Evolutionary adaptation ,Regulation, Energy processing, Growth and Development, Reproduction, |
| Describe prokaryotic cells | - no nucleus -no membrane bound organelles -mostly single celled organisms |
| Describe eukaryotic cells | -has a nucleus -has membrane bound organelles |
| Chromosomes | DNA containing structures in the cell |
| Describe DNA's composition | - made up of two long chains (strands) -arranged in double helix -each strand has ATCG |
| What do genes do? | -provide blueprints for protein production -create RNA for protein synthesis -are functional units of DNA |
| Gene expression | the process where a gene's information is used to make a protein |
| Genome | the massive collection of genetic instructions (genes) that a organisms inherits |
| Proteomics | te study of proteins and their properties |
| Proteome | a set of proteins express by a cell |
| Bioinformatics | the use of computer skills to analyze data |
| Genes | a sequence of DNA that transfers genetic information from parent to offspring |
| What is the order of protein production? | #1 Transcription #2 Translation #3 Protein folding and production |
| How is the movement of energy and chemical nutrients different? | The difference is that energy flows in a one-way direction before eventually being lost as heat while chemicals are continuously recycled within the ecosystem. |
| How is the movement of energy and chemical nutrients similar? | They are similar because Both energy and chemical nutrients move through an ecosystem in a cyclical manner |
| Taxonomy | biology field of study for identifying animal species |
| What are the levels of taxonomy (8 total) | #1 Domain #2 Kingdom #3 Phylum #4Class #5 Order #6 Family #7 Genus #8 Species |
| What criterion is used to place plants, fungi and animals into separate kindgoms? | their varying means of obtaining nutrition |
| What are the main three domains of life? | Eukrarya, Bacteria , and Archaea |
| What is the difference between a theory and hypothesis | -hypothesis: less broad with less evidence - theory: broader than hypothesis and supported by lots of evidence |
| What is the difference between science and technology | -Science seeks to understand natural phenomena -technology is the practical use of scientific knowledge |
| What are Darwin's main points of the Origin of Species | - organisms with traits best suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, -modern species exist due to the success of their ancestors, who were different from them. |
| What are the two important qualities of a hypothesis | -it must be testable -it must be able to be proven false |
| Radioactive isotope | A radioactive isotope is one in which the nucleus decays continuously, giving off particles and energy. |
| Potential energy | the energy that matter possesses because of its location or structure |
| Radiometric dating | a scientific method for determining the age of living and non living things by measuring the amounts of radioactive isotopes |
| What is the difference between a molecule and a compound | - a molecule is a group of 2 or three more atoms -a compound is a group of 2 or three DIFFERENT atoms |
| What determines the chemical behavior of an atom? | The number and arrangement of its valence electrons. |
| Hydrogen bond | a temporary and weak bond that occurs between a partially positive hydrogen atom and the partially negative atom of a nearby molecule. |
| Van der Waals interactions | weak, short-range electrostatic forces of attraction between molecules that arise from partial charges of atoms. |
| What is the order of bonds from strongest to weakest | #1-Covalent bonds #2-Ionic bonds, #3-Hydrogen bonds #4- Van der Waals interactions |
| What is meant by dynamic equilibrium? | when the forward and reverse processes of a reaction occur at the same rate, resulting in no observable change in the system |
| Effect of CH2 (hydrocarbons). on molecules polarity and acidity | makes molecules nonpolar and neutral |
| Effect of OH (Hydroxyl) on molecules polarity and acidity | makes molecules polar and acidic |
| Atomic number | number of protons |
| Atomic mass | number of neutrons + number of protons |
| Valance electrons | -electrons in the most outer shell of a atom that is involved in chemical reactions |
| Electrons per shell | First shell= 2 electrons Second shell=8 electrons Third Shell=18 electrons |
| How does water do temperature regulation | -water transfers heat from hot air to cold air -water can absorb and release heat without changing its temperature |
| Surface tension | -how tough a liquid's surface is -water molecules stick tightly to each other (due to hydrogen bonding) causing them to have a high surface tension |
| specific heat | the amount of heat that must be stored or lost for a temperature change to occur |
| buffers | substances that allow molecules to maintain a stable PH even when surrounded by acids and bases |
| Isotopes | atoms of the same chemical element with different numbers of neutrons, resulting in different atomic masses |
| organic compounds | carbons that have carbon |
| Isomers | compounds with the same amount of elements but with different structures and properties |
| Capillary action | movement of water within the spaces due to adhesion, cohesion and surface tension |
| Positive vs negative control group | -Positive control group receives normal amount of experimental treatment while the negative control group receives no experimental treatment |
Created by:
KenechukwuIE