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Bio Cells Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What protein passes through to the hydrophobic region of a cell membrane? | Integral protein |
| What integral protein passes through the entire bilayer of a cell? | Transmembrane protein |
| What protein doesn't interact with the hydrophobic region of a cell membrane? | Peripheral protein |
| What is a name for a peripheral protein that is completely on the surface of the bilayer of a cell membrane? | Surface protein |
| What is the name of a protein attached to a carbohydrate on a cell membrane surface? | Glycoprotein |
| What is the name of a lipid attached to a carbohydrate on a cell membrane surface? | Glycolipid |
| What is the main purpose of a glycoprotein? | Cell adhesion |
| What is the main purpose of a glycolipid? | Stabilizes the cell membrane |
| What does cholesterol do in a cell membrane? | Helps regulate the fluidity |
| What helps regulate the fluidity of a cell membrane? | Cholesterol |
| What allows specific ions to pass through the membrane along their concentration gradients? (type of facilitated diffusion) | Channel proteins |
| What protein changes shape to allow molecules to pass using ATP? | Carrier proteins |
| What protein receives signals (like hormones) sent from other cells? | Receptor proteins |
| What is dissolved in a solvent? | A solute |
| What dissolves a solute? | A solvent |
| Cell membranes are ________ permeable | Selectively |
| What is concentration? | How much of a solute is in a solvent |
| What is the physical difference in properties? | Concentration gradient |
| What is the act of materials going through the cell membrane without energy? | Simple diffusion |
| What is the act of materials going through protein channels without energy? | Facilitated diffusion |
| What is the diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane? | Osmosis |
| What can osmosis occur through (two things)? | Phospholipid bilayer, aquaporin channels |
| What is it called when molecules use energy to move? | Active transport |
| How many sodium and potassium ions can bind in a sodium-potassium pump? | Three sodium, two potassium |
| What are the two types of bulk transport? | Endocytosis, exocytosis |
| What are the three types of endocytosis? | Phagocytosis, pinocytosis, receptor-mediated endocytosis |
| What is phagocytosis? | Cytoplasm extensions surround a particle and package it in a food vacuole (cell eating) |
| What is pinocytosis? | Cells form small pockets along the membrane, they fill with a liquid and form vacuoles (cell drinking) |
| What is receptor-mediated endocytosis? | Receptors on cell membrane pockets bind to specific molecules, pockets deepen and pinch off as a vesicle |
| What is exocytosis? | Membrane-enclosed vesicle fuses with membrane and releases it outside of the cell |
| What does hypotonic mean? | A solution which has less solutes than another solution |
| What does isotonic mean? | A solution which has the same amount of solutes as another solution |
| What does hypertonic mean? | A solution which has more solutes than another solution |
| The cell theory states ________ | All living things are made of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, new cells are only produced form existing cells |
| What kind of cell is bacteria? | Prokaryotic |
| In a prokaryotic cell, there is a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. (True or False) | False |
| Can prokaryotic cells carry out the same functions as eukaryotic cells? | Yes |
| Examples of eukaryotic cells include _______ | Animals, plants, fungi |
| The cells of multicellular organisms cannot survive individually. (True or False) | True |
| What breaks down fatty acids? | Peroxisome |
| What is used for movement of substances or bringing food inside the organism? | Cilium/Cilia |
| What forms spindle fibers during mitosis and meiosis? | Centriole |
| What helps digest food for a cell and breaks down bacteria and viruses? | Lysosome |
| What organelle creates cellular energy through the synthesis of ATP? | Mitochondria |
| What breaks down drugs, alcohols, and toxins and makes lipids, fats, and steroids? | Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum |
| What moves a cell through a liquid medium? | Flagellum |
| This is made of microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments | Cytoskeleton |
| What allows RNA and ribosomes to leave the nucleus and proteins and molecules from the cytoplasm to enter the nucleus? | Nuclear Pores |
| What contains genes? | DNA |
| What creates and assembles ribosomes? | Nucleolus |
| What stores and protects DNA? | Nucleus |
| What forms vesicles around proteins made by ribosomes? | Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum |
| What makes proteins? | Ribosomes |
| What receives, modifies and ships out proteins and lipids from the RER and SER? | Golgi Bodies |
| What contain and transport substances? | Golgi vesicles/vacuoles |
| What are small channels that directly connect the cytoplasm of neighboring plant cells to each other? | Plasmodesmata |
| What stores water and waste in a plant cell? | Central vacuole |
| What performs photosynthesis which creates food for plants and other photoautotrophic eukaryotes? | Chloroplasts |
| What is the outermost rigid coating of a plant cell? | Cell wall |
| What says that certain organelles in eukaryotes have prokaryotic origins? | Endosymbiotic theory |
| Membrane-bound organelles are organelles with no _______ | Membranes |
Created by:
agastyad