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ID pathogens

ID pathogens (bolded pathogens from Leonard's table)

OrganismGram StainMetabolism, Shape, ArrangementDescriptionTreatment
Enterococcus Gram Positive Aerobic Cocci in pairs or short chains Common human pathogen previously known as Group D Streptococcus (normal intestinal flora). Generally difficult to treat. E. faecalis: ampicillin +/- gentamicin E. faecium: vanco VRE: linezolid, dapto
Staphylococcus Gram Positive Aerobic Cocci arranged in clusters Common human pathogen that is everywhere in the environment and normal human flora (particularly skin). S. aureus MSSA: cefazolin (or vanco if anaphylactic) MRSA: vancomycin, televancin/oritavancin/dalbavancin, tigecycline/doxycyline/minocycline, quinupristin-dalfopristin, fosfomycin, clindamycin, bactrim
Streptococcus Gram Positive Aerobic Cocci arranged in chains and pairs Common human pathogen, part of normal flora (particularly oral and URT) and many clinically important pathogens. Coag negative Staph is typically a contaminant. Can be grouped by types of hemolysis. Penicillin is goal
Bacillus Gram Positive Aerobic Rods Common environmental bacteria. B. anthracis is cause of Anthrax Cipro
Corynebacterium Gram Positive Aerobic Rod Normal skin flora. Mostly innocuous. Corynebacterium disease is diptheria, common clinical culture contaminat DAT and PCN/erythromycin
Listeria Gram Positive Aerobic Rod Most commonly associated with meningitis in humans. Commonly transmitted via contaminated food. Ampicillin
Clostridium Gram Positive Anaerobic Rod Important human pathogen. Can cause a range of disease including botulism, food poisoning, gangrene, tetanus, and others. N/A
Lactobacillus Gram Positive Anaerobic Rod Normal human flora that is rare cause of disease. Commonly found in fermented food such as yogurt. Commonly used as a probiotic. N/A
Clostridiodes Gram Positive Anaerobic Rod Important human pathogen. Causes antibiotic associated diarrhea (C. Diff) Vanco, fidaxomicin, metronidazole
Mycobacterium Gram Positive Acid-Fast Commonly associated diseases include TB and leprosy. N/A
Neisseria Gram Negative Aerobic Cocci Two pathogenic species cause both STI and meningitis Ceftriaxone
Acinetobacter Gram Negative Aerobic Rod Ubiquitous soil bacteria. Increasingly important nosocomial pathogen. Tends to be extensively antibiotic resistance and difficult to treat. If carbapenem resistant --> sulbactam/durlobactam carbapenem
Citrobacter Gram Negative Aerobic Rod Can be found in soil, water, and human GIT. Can cause sepsis and UTIs Cefepime preferred. NO 3rd gen cephalosporins due to AmpC induction
Enterobacter Gram Negative Aerobic Rod Enteric colonizer most commonly in urinary tract and respiratory tract. Can cause nosocomial infection in humans. Cefepime preferred. NO 3rd gen cephalosporins due to AmpC induction
Escherichia Gram Negative Aerobic Rod Enteric colonizer. Important cause of a variety of infections in humans. N/A
Haemophilus Gram Negative Aerobic Rod Normal human flora. Important cause of invasive disease in humans including RTI and meningitis in children. N/A
Klebsiella Gram Negative Aerobic Rod Important cause of infections in humans. Most commonly nosocomially acquired pneumonia, UTI, and bacteremia. Lots of options
Legionella Gram Negative Aerobic Rod Normally lives in water. Important cause of both community and nosocomial pneumonia. Causes Legionnaires disease. N/A
Moraxella Gram Negaitve Aerobic Rod Usually in respiratory tract. Important cause of respiratory tract infections including pneumonia, otitis media, and sinusitis. N/A
Proteus Gram Negative Aerobic Rod Important cause in a variety of human infections, most notably UTI N/A
Pseudomonas Gram Negative Aerobic Rod Important nosocomial human pathogen causing a variety of infections. Piperacillin, ceftazidimine, cefepime, ceftolozane-tazobactam, cefiderocol, meropenem/doripenem/imipenem, tobramycin/gentamicin/amikacin, aztreonam, cipro/levofloxacin, plazomicin, polymyxin
Salmonella Gram Negative Aerobic Rod Important cause of foodborne illness Ceftriaxone or Cipro if high risk
Serratia Gram Negative Aerobic Rod Typically in the bloodstream, respiratory and urinary tract. Causes nosocomial infections. N/A
Stenotrophomonas Gram Negative Aerobic Rod Ubiquitous in water and soil. Causes opportunistic nosocomial infections mostly in immunosuppressed pts. Mostly causes RTIs, UTIs, and bloodstream infections, often associated with some sort of device. Bactrim
Bacteroides Gram Negative Anaerobic Rod Constitutes ~30% of total colonic bacteria. Opportunistic, causing primarily intraabdominal infections. Fairly resistant to antibiotics (b-lactams, aminoglycosides, erythromycin, tetracyclines). Most clinically important species in B. fragilis. N/A
Borrelia Gram Negative Spirochete Tick-borne illness. Borrelia burgdorferi is the cause of Lyme disease Doxycycline
Campylobacter Gram Negative Spiral Important cause of food-borne illness N/A
Chlamydia ??? Obligate intracellular Common cause of STIs, atypical CAP. Leading cause of infectious blindness worldwide. Doxycycline
Helictobacter Gram Negative Helix Most commonly encountered species is H. pylori which is strongly associated with peptic ulcers, gastritis, and stomach cancer Combo therapy
Mycoplasma Doesn't stain Lacks cell wall Important cause of atypical CAP. Resistant to many antibiotics that target cell wall. Resistant to beta-lactams
Rickettsia Gram Negative Variety of morphologies. Obligate intracellular Causes variety of tick-borne illnesses like Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever. Generally susceptible to tetracyclines. Doxycyline
Treponema ????? ????? Cause disease such as syphilis. PCN
Created by: hmariner1
 

 



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