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APUSH Period 2 Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Church of England / Anglicans | The official Protestant church in England; established religion in some colonies (esp. the South). Seen as too similar to Catholicism by Puritans. Anglicans were the followers of this church. |
| Lord Baltimore | Catholic proprietor of Maryland (founded 1634) who wanted a safe haven for Catholics while still making profit. |
| Maryland Act of Toleration | Law granting religious freedom to all Christians in Maryland (but not non-Christians). Early step toward religious toleration. |
| Rhode Island/Roger Williams | Colony founded by Roger Williams after he was banished from Massachusetts Bay; promoted religious freedom, separation of church and state. |
| Anne hutchinson | Challenged Puritan authority in Massachusetts with her belief in personal revelation; banished and fled to Rhode Island. |
| Antimonianism | Belief that faith alone (not obedience to laws or ministers) leads to salvation. Central to Hutchinson’s conflict with Puritan leaders. |
| John Calvin/Calvinism | Theology of predestination and “elect”; hugely influenced Puritans (a.k.a. “Calvinists”). |
| halfway coenant | Policy allowing children of baptized but unconverted church members to be baptized; aimed to boost declining church membership. |
| founding of Harvard | Established in Massachusetts to train Puritan ministers. First college in the colonies. |
| Great Awakening/J. Edwards | revived religions + emotional faith | challenged old authority |
| Quakers | Pacifist religious group who believed in equality, religious tolerance, no clergy; persecuted in England + New England. |
| William Penn/Holy Experiment | Founded Pennsylvania as a refuge for Quakers; “Holy Experiment” = religious toleration, good relations with Natives, representative assembly. |
| Rice plantations | South Carolina/Georgia cash crop; relied on enslaved African labor. |
| tobacco | First profitable Virginia cash crop; fueled plantation economy and labor demand. |
| John Cabot | Explorer for England (1497); claimed parts of North America. |
| Jamestown | First permanent English settlement (1607, Virginia); faced early hardships. |
| John Smith | Leader of Jamestown; “no work, no food” policy. |
| John Rolfe | Introduced tobacco to Virginia; married Pocahontas, improving relations with Powhatans. |
| Pocahontas | Powhatan woman; helped Jamestown settlers survive; married John Rolfe. |
| Puritans | English Protestants wanting to reform Church of England; settled Massachusetts Bay. |
| Separatists | Puritans who wanted to completely break from Church of England; Pilgrims were Separatists. |
| Pilgrims | Separatists who sailed on the Mayflower to Plymouth (1620) for religious freedom. |
| Mayflower | Ship carrying Pilgrims to New England (1620). |
| Plymouth | Colony founded by Pilgrims in 1620. |
| Massachusetts bay | Colony founded by Puritans (1630); became major New England settlement. |
| John Winthrop/"City Upon a Hill" | Puritan leader; envisioned Massachusetts Bay as moral example. |
| Great (Puritan) Migration | 1630s; thousands of Puritans moved to Massachusetts for religious freedom. |
| Virginia | Southern colony; tobacco-based economy; first permanent English colony (Jamestown). |
| Thomas Hooker | Founded Connecticut; promoted voting rights beyond church members. |
| The Carolinas | Colonies in the South; economy based on rice & indigo; aristocratic society. |
| New York | Originally Dutch New Amsterdam; taken by England (1664). |
| New Jersey | Proprietary colony split from New York; diverse settlers. |
| Pennsylvania | Founded by William Penn; Quaker haven; religious tolerance, good Native relations. |
| Delaware | Originally part of Pennsylvania; became separate colony. |
| Georgia | Founded by James Oglethorpe (1733) as buffer colony & debtor refuge. |
| James Oglethorpe | Founder of Georgia; sought social reform & protection from Spanish Florida. |
| Wampanoag | Native tribe in New England; initially friendly with Pilgrims. |
| Metacom | Wampanoag leader; led resistance against English expansion. |
| King Phillips War | Conflict between New England colonists and Native Americans; slowed colonial expansion. |
| Mayflower Compact | Early colonial self-government agreement by Pilgrims; majority rule. |
| House of Burgesses | First representative assembly in Virginia. |
| William Berkley | Governor of Virginia; unpopular planter elite leader; criticized during Bacon’s Rebellion. |
| Bacons Rebellion | Uprising of Virginia frontiersmen vs. elite and Native policy. |
| Fundamental Orders of Conneticut | First written constitution in colonies; expanded voting rights. |
| New England Confederation | Early attempt at colonial unity for defense & coordination. |
| Chesapeake Colonies | Virginia & Maryland; tobacco plantations, slavery, plantation aristocracy. |
| Joint Stock Company | Investors pool money for colonial ventures; limited risk. |
| Virginia Company | Joint-stock company that founded Jamestown. |
| Mercantilism | Economic policy; colonies exist to enrich mother country via trade balance. |
| Navigation Acts | Laws restricting colonial trade to benefit England. |
| Salutary Neglect | Period when England loosely enforced trade laws; allowed colonial self-rule. |
| Dominion of New England | James II attempt to centralize New England under one royal governor. |
| Edmund Andros | Governor of Dominion of New England; unpopular, overthrew local assemblies. |
| Glorious Revolution | Overthrew James II; reinforced parliamentary power; affected colonies (Andros overthrown). |
| Indentured Servants | Workers contracted for 4–7 years in exchange for passage to America. |
| Headright system | Land grant (50 acres) for anyone who paid their own or another’s passage to colonies. |
| Slavery | African labor system; central to Southern plantation economy. |
| Triangle Trade | Trade network: Europe → Africa → Americas; goods, enslaved people, raw materials. |
| Middle Passage | Brutal voyage of enslaved Africans to Americas. |
Created by:
jewlsasterr