Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
MICROBIOLOGY QUIZ 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 6 major groups of microorganisms | Algae, Bacteria, Fungi, Helminths, Protozoa, and Viruses |
| 1 micrometer= | 10 to the negetive 9th meter |
| virus's are in what meter range? | nanometer |
| how many meters are virus's | 10 to the negative 9th |
| prokaryotes have no | nucleus |
| 3 eukaryotes | fungus protozoa and algea |
| central dogma | dna is turned to rna which then goes to proteins |
| archaea are made up of | eukaryotes |
| why is archaea different from bacteria | because they live in very hot climates |
| 3 domains | bacteria archaea and eukaryotes |
| how old are microorganisms | 4 million years old |
| when is first fossil evidence | 3.5 billion years ago |
| first microorganisms are responsible for creating | aerobic enviroment (oxygen containing enviroment) |
| what is first bacteria and what did it do | cyanobacteria, 3.5 billion years ago, helped create oxygen |
| cyano bacteria are the largest.. | portion of biomass on earth |
| cyanobacteria allowed other organisms to | start flourishing |
| what is base of foodchain | microorganisms |
| alexander fleming | discovered pennesilin |
| what about pennesilin? | penicillium colony stopped growth of bacteria- created a halo around colony |
| microorganisms can break down | pollutants in enviroment- bioremediation |
| a lot of organisms able to convert __ into __ from ___ | corn into ethanol from fermentation |
| food is spoiled by | microorganisms |
| what helps preserve food? | heat, cold, radiation, and chemicals |
| monosodium, glutamate, critric years are all | microorganisms that work with food |
| microorganisms can be disease agents through | biotechnology |
| insulin is produced from __ and is put into microorganisms to | liver of pigs, manipulate cells |
| microorganisms can be used in gene __ | therapy |
| gene therapy example | cystic fibrosis- cant breathe properly because of mucus- caused by single mutation in gene so inject them with protein which allows them to overcome disease |
| biotechnology is | manipulating organisms |
| hooke | first person to discover idea of cells |
| who looked at a cork and developed the word "Cells" | hooke |
| what year did hooke progress in? | 1665 |
| what was anton von leewekhoek interested in? | looking at cloth under a microscope.. then salivia and pond water |
| what did leewekhoek discover? | "animalcules" which are known as bacteria now |
| what year did leewekhoek make discoveries? | 1673 |
| pasterurs experiments involved | disproving spontaneous generation theory in 1861 |
| how did pasterurs disprove spontaneous generation theory? | took broth and boiled it so everything was killed but eventually if left open the broth will become contaminated and microbacteria will pepopulate |
| thus, pasterurs proved that | living matter does not come from nonliving matter |
| pasterurs also famous for achieving | vaccines for anthrax and rabies |
| who discovered that bacteria causes wine spoilage? | pasterurs |
| who created sterilization and pasteurization? | pasterurs |
| dead zones | heat causes algae which are on top of pollutants like fertilizers are food for it, algea bloom , when they die get decomposed by microorganisms, uses up all oxygen |
| what causes a deadzone? | combination of pollutants and run off and algea feeding off of it |
| first step in stopping deadzones? | controlling the pollutants going into the water |
| bassi realized that | silkworm disease was caused by certain type of fungus |
| berkely found that | the great potato blight was caused by fungus |
| lister realized from pesters work that with use of __ he could | antiseptic agents he steralized his intruments and mortality rate went up |
| koch was first scientist to demonstrate directly the role of | bacteria in causing the diseas anthrax |
| anthrax is caused by | bacillus anthracisi |
| how did koch demonstrate anthax findings? | culture microorganisms from dead cows and inject it to healthy ones and healthy animals died |
| what was this called? | the germ theory |
| that did edward jenner do? | smallpox vaccine |
| how we use microorganisms medically | medical microbiology |
| related to microbiology bc looking how microorganisms trigger immune responses | ummunology |
| looking at microorganisms in our enviroment | microbial ecology |
| dna manipulation from one organism to another- the branch of microbiology where we manipulate genos with microorganisms | microbial genetics |
| taking bits of dna from one organism and giving it to another organisms | genetic engineering |
| genetic engineering allows for thing to | resist its enviroment |
| rna into protein is carried by ribosomes- called | translation |
| dna to rna is called | transciption |
| paramecium- | protozoan |
| with brightfield | uses light, must stain cells, organisms will be dead after staining them |
| darkfield | use condenser, used to look at organisms that dont stain well |
| example of organism used under darkfield | tuberculosis bc doesnt stain wel, smaller cells, like syphilis |
| are cells still dead under darkfield? | yes |
| phase contract | do not stain the cells so cells are alice |
| basic stains have a __ charge and consist of (3) | positive- crystal violet, methylene blue, safranin |
| organisms have slight __ charge so | negative charge so stain is attracted to cells and will bind with them |
| differential stains: | you can differentiate between one type of one organisms to another- one that is typically used with a gram stain |
| all bacteria fall into 2 groups- | one that stain with color with gram stain and another that gives another color |
| what does this depend on? | structure of cell |
| gram stain uses different stypes of stain- | crystal violet, iodine, acohol, and safranin |
| with crytal violet all cells look | purple |
| then you apply | iodine |
| iodine helps | crytal violet enter into cells |
| crystal violet is a | mordant |
| alcohol __ crystal violet from cells | removes |
| then you need a __ which is usually | counter stain, safranin |
| gram pos vs gram neg | positive are ones who retain crystal violet, negative are those who lost violet and gain color from safranin |
| use color to differentiate between | different cells |
| all cells either | gram positive or gram negative |
| 2 examples of negative staining | klebsiella, pnemoniae |
| why are these negative staining | have capsules which have slimy layer around cell prevent stain |
| capsules cause pnemonia to be | pathogenic |
| endospore staining | spores found inside cell, very difficult to stain |
| example of endorspore staining | vacillus anthracis, anthrax |
| electron microscopes have far greate ___ than light microscopes.. approx __ | resolving power; .2 nm |
| electron microscopes are good for | seeing viruses and on and inside the cells |
| distorations are | artifacts- might not be present in cells |
| how does distorations happen? | electron hitting valleys and troughs, if its a tough secondary electrong that got knocked off arnt going far enough to create an image |
| get light and dark images depending on | structure of cell |
| tem image | binary fission- bacterial cell, dna |
| transmission microscope you can see | inside the organisms |
| transmission electron microscope zoom | 10,000 to 100,100 x |
| scanning electron microscope | 3 diminsenial imaging and scanning surface |
| scanning electron microscope zoom | 1000 10,000 x |
| microorganisms elemt cycling includes | conps |
Created by:
lilcollins92