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Microeco Chp 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does the Economic Perspective consider? | Scarcity and choice Opportunity cost Increasing utility Marginal analysis |
| Scarcity and Choice | Resources are scarce Choices must be made Opportunity cost |
| Purposeful Behavior | Rational self-interest Individuals and utility Firms and profit Desired outcome |
| Marginal Analysis | The comparison of marginal benefits and marginal costs Marginal means “extra” or “additional" |
| The scientific method | Observe Formulate a hypothesis Test the hypothesis Accept, reject, or modify the hypothesis Continue to test the hypothesis, if necessary |
| Other-things-equal assumption | The assumption that factors other than those being considered did not change |
| Microeconomics | The study of the individual consumer, firm, or market |
| Macroeconomics | The study of the entire economy or a major aggregate of the economy |
| Positive economics | Economic statements that are factual |
| Normative economics | Economic statements that involve value judgments |
| The economizing problem | Limited income and unlimited wants. |
| The budget line | Attainable and unattainable combinations Trade-offs and opportunity costs Choice Income Changes |
| Economic Resource- Land | Includes all natural resources used in the production process |
| Economic Resource- Labor | Physical actions and mental activities that people contribute to production |
| Economic Resource- Capital (investment) | All human-produced physical objects and intangible ideas used in production |
| Economic Resource- Entrepreneurial ability | Special human resource distinct from labor. |
| Factors of Production | Take initiative. Make strategic business decisions. Innovate. Take risk. |
| Law of increasing opportunity costs | As more of a particular good is produced, its marginal opportunity costs increase |
| Production possibilities curve | Concave shape Economic rationale |
| Pitfalls to Sound Economic Reasoning | Biases Loaded Terminology Fallacy of Composition Post Hoc Fallacy Correlation but Not Causation |
| Marginal opportunity cost | The cost of what you give up when you choose one option over another |