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Chemistry Chapter 1

QuestionAnswer
Chemistry study of composition, structure, properties of matter, changes matter undergoes, and energy changes involved.
Basic Research increases knowledge (ex: accidental Teflon discovery).
Applied Research solves specific problems (ex: replacing ozone-damaging refrigerants).
Technological Development creates products to improve life (ex: fiber optics, nonstick cookware).
Matter Anything with mass & volume.
Atom smallest unit of element.
Element pure substance, 1 type of atom (ex: C, O).
Compound atoms of ≥2 elements chemically bonded (ex: H₂O).
Extensive Properties depend on amount: mass, volume, energy.
Intensive Properties independent of amount: melting/boiling point, density, conductivity.
Physical Properties observed without changing identity (ex: melting point, density).
Chemical Properties ability to form new substances (ex: flammability, rusting).
Physical Change identity unchanged (ex: cutting, melting, boiling).
Chemical Change new substance forms; reactants → products (ex: burning, rusting).
Solid definite shape & volume, particles vibrate in fixed positions.
Liquid definite volume, indefinite shape, particles close but mobile.
Gas no definite volume or shape, particles far apart & fast-moving.
Plasma high-temp state, atoms lose electrons (ex: fluorescent lights).
Law of Conservation of Energy Energy not created/destroyed, only transformed.
Law of Conservation of Mass Mass remains the same before & after a reaction.
Homogeneous Mixture uniform throughout (ex: salt water, air).
Heterogeneous Mixture non-uniform (ex: granite, blood).
Periodic Table Groups/Families (vertical columns, 1-18): elements with similar properties.
Created by: 27cw1591
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