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Phys: Electricity
TEKS P.6.A-E
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| generator | a device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy through the process of electromagnetic induction; rotating a conductor within a magnetic field |
| motor | a device that turns electricity into motion, meaning electrical energy into mechanical energy |
| transformer | transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through electromagnetic induction, changing the voltage of an alternating current |
| voltage | the difference in electric potential energy per unit of electric charge between two points in an electric field, which is the force that drives electrons to move in a circuit |
| potential difference | voltage;the amount of work (energy) required to move a unit of electric charge between two points in an electric field |
| resistance | property of an electric circuit or part of a circuit that transforms electric energy into heat energy in opposing electric current; unit of ohms |
| current | the rate of flow of electric charge across a given cross-sectional area, typically through a conductive material like a wire; unit of amperes |
| power | the rate at which electrical energy is transferred or consumed within a circuit; measured in watts |
| series circuit | any electrically conducting pathway comprising an electric circuit along which the whole current flows through each component; one path |
| parallel circuit | an electric circuit where components are connected across the same two points, creating multiple independent paths (branches) for the electric current to flow |
| Ohm’s law | the electric current (I) through a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage (V) across it and inversely proportional to its resistance (R) |
| voltmeter | instrument that measures the potential difference between two points in an electric circuit |
| ammeter | an instrument used to measure the current in a circuit |
| Coulomb’s law | describes the force between two stationary electric charges, stating that the force is directly proportional to the product of their charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them |
| induction | the process where a changing magnetic field creates an electric current or voltage in a conductor, or how a charged object can induce a charge on a neutral object without touching it |
| conduction | the process where electrically charged particles, such as electrons or ions, move through a material when an electric potential is applied, resulting in an electric current |
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