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Respiratory

Respirstory

QuestionAnswer
Antihistamines • Cause pupil dilation (mydriasis) and bronchoconstriction. • Decrease renal drug clearance, especially in cardiac and kidney disease. • Contraindicated in hypertension, BPH, COPD, and asthma due to bronchoconstriction risk. • Adverse reactions: s
Decongestants • Reduce nasal swelling for sinus drainage (relieve congestion). • Used for common cold, allergic rhinitis, and sinusitis. • Example: Sudafedrine (Afrin). • Contraindicated in glaucoma, heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, hypothyroidism, stroke
Antitussives • Depress cough center in the brain to relieve cough. • Opioids: Codeine, hydrocodone; Non-opioids: Tessalon Pearls. • Used to relieve cough, particularly for cancer patients with dry cough. • Adverse reactions: sedation, constipation, liver/renal
Mucolytics • Reduce the thickness (viscosity) of secretions, making mucus easier to expel. • Used for cystic fibrosis (thick mucus), acetaminophen overdose. • Example: Mucomyst. • Adverse reactions: drowsiness, bronchospasm, stomatitis, hypotension. • Nurs
Expectorants • Increase and thin secretions to help cough up mucus. • Used for productive cough, chronic lung diseases (COPD, emphysema, asthma, chronic bronchitis, pulmonary fibrosis). • Example: Guaifenesin (Mucinex). • Adverse reactions: dizziness, headache
Bronchodilators • Relax smooth muscle to dilate bronchi, promoting easier breathing. • Used for bronchospasm, asthma, bronchitis, emphysema. • Example: Albuterol (short-acting). • Contraindicated in uncontrolled hypertension, arrhythmias. • Adverse reactions: tac
Xanthine Derivatives • Stimulate CNS and promote bronchodilation; prevent/relieve asthma and bronchospasm. • Example: Theophylline (therapeutic level 10–20). • Contraindicated in allergies, uncontrolled dysrhythmias. • Adverse reactions: tachycardia, palpitations, EKG
Inhaled Corticosteroids • Reduce airway inflammation and hyper-responsiveness (long-term asthma control). • Examples: Flovent, Pulmicort, Atrovent. • Contraindicated in drug/glucocorticoid allergy, fungal infection. • Adverse reactions: adrenal suppression, yeast infecti
Leukotriene Modifiers • Decrease leukotriene production to reduce airway inflammation. • Used for chronic asthma (age 12+), not for acute attacks. • Example: Singulair. • Contraindicated in drug allergy; interactions decrease effectiveness. • Adverse reaction: dyspepsi
Mydriasis pupil dilation
BPH benign prostatic hyperplasia
COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Bronchoconstriction narrowing of airways
Bronchodilation widening of airways
Xanthine derivatives CNS stimulants for bronchodilation (e.g., theophylline
Adrenal suppression reduced adrenal function due to steroids
Leukotriene modifiers drugs that reduce airway inflammation by blocking leukotriene
Created by: chantelbadams
 

 



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