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Medical Terminology2
chapter 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| adip/o | fatty tissue |
| cutane/o | skin |
| cyst/o | sac, pouch |
| dermat/o | skin |
| derm/o | skin |
| diaphor/o | sweat |
| hidr/o | sweat |
| kerat/o | horny tissue (may also refer to the cornea of the eye) |
| lip/o | fat |
| myc/o | fungus |
| necr/o | death |
| onych/o | nail |
| pil/o | hair |
| prurit/o | itching |
| py/o | pus |
| rhytid/o | wrinkle |
| sarc/o | flesh |
| scler/o | hard |
| seb/o | oil |
| trich/o | hair |
| ungu/o | nail |
| urtic/o | rash, hives |
| vesic/o | sac |
| xer/o | dry |
| abrasion (uh-BRAY-zhuhn) | the scraping away of skin or mucous membrane surface. |
| abscess (AB-ses) | a collection of pus under the skin |
| acne (AK-nee) | inflammation of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles of the skin resulting in papules and pus- tules; sometimes called acne vulgaris |
| albinism (AL-bi-nizm) | a genetic disorder in which the body does not pro- duce (or produces very little) melanin |
| alopecia (al-oh-PEE-shee-uh) | the absence or loss of hair; commonly called baldness. |
| anhidrosis (AN-hy-DROH-sis) | a condition marked by reduced or absent sweat secretion. |
| basal cell carcinoma (BAY-zuhl sel kar-sin-OH-muh) | a type of skin cancer that affects the basal cell layer of the epidermis |
| blepharitis (BLEF-uhr-EYE-tis) | a condition in which one or both eyelids are inflamed. |
| bulla (plural: bullae) (BUL-uh; plural: BUL-ee) | a blister that is greater than 0.5 cm in diameter |
| burn | damage to the skin occurring from contact with fire, electricity, chemicals, or extensive sunlight. |
| carbuncle (KAR-buhng-kuhl) | a bacterial infection causing an abscess in multiple hair follicles |
| cellulitis (sel-yoo-LYT-is) | inflammation caused by bacterial infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. |
| cicatrix (plural: cicatrices) (SIK-uh-triks or si-KAY-triks; plural: sik-uh-TRY-seez or si-KAY-tri-seez) | a scar |
| comedo (plural: comedones) (KAHM-uh-doh; plural: kahm-uh-DOH-neez) | a small skin lesion associated with acne; com- monly called a blackhead (open comedo) or white- head (closed comedo) |
| contusion (kun-TOO-zhun) | a closed wound that is usually caused by a blow to the body; commonly called a bruise. |
| crust (kruhst) | an accumulation of dried blood and fluid that forms over an injury to the skin; commonly called a scab. |
| cutaneous (kyoo-TAY-nee-uhs) | pertaining to the skin |
| cyanosis (sy-uh-NOH-sis) | a blue or gray discoloration of skin or mucous membranes caused by lack of oxygen |
| cyst (sist) | a sac under the skin filled with fluid or solid material. |
| depigmentation (DEE-pig-men-TAY-shun) | the abnormal loss of skin pigmentation. |
| dermal (DUR-muhl) | pertaining to the skin |
| dermatitis (dur-muh-TYT-is) | inflammation of the skin |
| dermatologist (dur-muh-TAHL-uh-jist) | a medical doctor who diagnoses and treats skin conditions. |
| dermatology (dur-muh-TAHL- uh-jee) | the medical specialty related to the diagnosis and treatment of skin conditions. |
| dermatoscope (dur-MAT-uh- skohp) | an instrument used to visually examine the skin. |
| diaphoresis (DY-uh-fuh-REE- sis) | abnormally heavy sweating |
| ecchymosis (ek-i-MOH-sis) | a lesion caused by superficial bleeding under the skin; also commonly called a bruise. |
| eczema (EG-ze-muh or EK-se-muh) | a type of dermatitis that causes superficial red- ness, vesicles, itching, and crusting. |
| epidermal (ep-i-DUR-muhl) | pertaining to the outer layer of skin. |
| epidermis (ep-i-DUR-mis) | the outer layer of the skin. |
| erythema (air-i-THEE-muh) | a red discoloration of the skin, usually indicating irritation or inflammation. |
| eschar (ES-kar) | a hard, thick layer of dead tissue over a deep burn or pressure ulcer. |
| excoriation (eks-co-ree-AY- shun) | a wound caused by scratching the skin. |
| exudate (EK-syoo-dayt) | fluid released from the body; wound drainage. |
| fissure (FISH-ur) | a crack or groove in the skin. |
| furuncle (FYOO-ruhng-kuhl) | a bacterial infection causing an abscess in a hair follicle; commonly called a boil. |
| gangrene (GANG-green or gang-GREEN) | tissue death resulting from insufficient blood flow. |
| hematoma (hee-muh-TOH- muh) | a closed wound caused by blood accumulating after a break in a blood vessel. |
| herpes simplex 1 (HURP-eez SIM-pleks) | a viral infection that causes oral lesions com- monly called cold sores |
| herpes simplex 2 | a sexually transmitted viral infection that causes painful sores to form on the genitals. |
| herpes zoster (ZAHS-tur) | an illness caused by reactivation of the varicella (chickenpox) virus in a person’s body; marked by a painful, blistering rash on one side of the face or body; commonly called shingles. |
| hirsutism (HUR-soo-tizm) | excessive growth of hair on the body, especially in women. |
| hordeolum (hor-DEE-oh-lum) | inflammation of a sebaceous gland on the rim of the eyelid; also called a stye. |
| hypodermic (HY-poh-DUR-mik) | pertaining to something under or inserted under the skin. |
| ichthyosis (ik-thee-OH-sis) | an abnormal condition of dry, scaly skin |
| impetigo (IM-puh-TY-goh) | a highly contagious bacterial infection of the skin that causes pustules that rupture and crust; often affects skin around the nose, mouth, and cheeks. |
| intradermal (in-truh-DUR-muhl) | pertaining to the area within the dermis; often used to describe a medication injection route. |
| jaundice (JAWN-dis) | a condition in which the skin, whites of the eyes, and mucous membranes appear yellow. |
| Kaposi sarcoma (KAP-oh-see sar-KOH-muh) | a type of cancer that causes brownish-purple pap- ules on the skin or mucous membranes; often seen in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) |
| keloid (KEE-loid) | an abnormally thick, raised scar that forms after injury or surgery. |
| keratosis (plural: keratoses) (kair-uh-TOH-sis; plural: kair- uh-TOH-seez) | a condition of overgrowth of horny tissue in the epidermal layer; calluses and corns are forms of keratosis. |
| laceration (las-uh-RAY-shun) | a torn or jagged injury to the skin |
| lesion (LEE-zhuhn) | a change to skin tissue, often due to disease or injury. |
| lipocyte (LIP-oh-syt) | a fat cell |
| lipoma (li-POH-muh) | a benign tumor composed of fatty tissue. |
| macule (MAK-yool) | a flat skin discoloration measuring less than 1 cm in diameter. |
| measles (MEE-zuhlz) | a highly contagious viral disease marked by a rash, fever, congestion, and cough. |
| melanocyte (MEL-uhn-oh-syt or mel-AN-oh-syt) | a cell that produces melanin, the substance that gives skin its color. |
| melanoma (mel-uh-NOH-muh) | a type of skin cancer that begins in the melano- cytes, or pigment-producing cells of the skin; the most aggressive and dangerous form of skin cancer. |
| methicillin-resistant Staphy- lococcus aureus (meth-i-SIL-in ree-ZIS-tuhnt STAF-i-loh-KAHK-uhs OR-ee-uhs) | a strain (type) of the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus that cannot be killed by methicillin and similar antibiotics; it is a common cause of skin abscesses and cellulitis; commonly called MRSA (MUR-suh) |
| mycotic (my-KAHT-ik) | an adjective to describe a condition caused by a fungus. |
| necrotic (ne-KRAHT-ik) | an adjective to describe dead tissue. |
| nevus (plural: nevi) (NEE-vuhs; plural: NEE-vy) | a mole |
| nodule (NAHJ-yool) | a raised lesion measuring larger than 0.5 cm in diameter. |
| onychia (oh-NIK-ee-uh) | inflammation of a nail bed. |
| onychoma (ahn-i-KOH-muh) | a tumor of the nail or nail bed. |
| onychomycosis (AHN-i-koh- my-KOH-sis) | a fungal infection of the nail, most commonly of the toenail. |
| onychosis (ahn-i-KOH-sis) | a general term for a disease of the nails. |
| pallor (PAL-uhr) | a condition in which the skin or mucous mem- branes are lighter than normal for the patient’s natural skin tone. |
| papule (PAP-yool) | a small, raised red lesion measuring less than 0.5 cm in diameter. |
| paronychia (pair-oh-NIK-ee-uh) | an infection of the skin surrounding a nail. |
| pediculosis (pe-dik-yoo-LOH-sis) | a lice infestation |
| percutaneous (pur-kyoo-TAY-nee-us) | performed or occurring through the skin. |
| petechiae (singular: petechia) (pe-TEE-kee-ee; singular: pe-TEE-kee-uh) | pinpoint spots, red and purple in color, resulting from hemorrhages below the skin. |
| plaque (plak) | a flat lesion with a scaly appearance. |
| pressure injury | injury or wound that results from skin deteriora- tion and shearing; also called pressure ulcer, pres- sure sore, bed sore, or decubitus ulcer. |
| psoriasis (soh-RY-uh-sis) | an inflammatory condition marked by papules that form silvery scaling plaques. |
| purpura (PUR-pyoo-ruh) | dark brown and purple areas on the skin due to hemorrhages from leaking blood vessels. |
| pustule (PUHS-tyool) | a small, circular lesion containing pus. |
| pyogenic (py-oh-GEN-ik) | pertaining to the production of pus. |
| pyorrhea (py-oh-REE-uh) | a discharge of pus |
| rosacea (roh-ZAY-shee-uh or roh-ZAY-see-uh) | a chronic inflammatory skin condition marked by redness and lesions, usually in the face. |
| rubella (roo-BEL-uh) | a highly contagious viral skin infection; also known as German measles. |
| scabies (SKAY-beez) | a contagious skin infection caused by a tiny mite burrowing into the skin, where it lays eggs; causes intense itching and a skin rash that may look like thin burrow tracks. |
| scale | extra epithelial cells built up and shed from the epidermis. |
| scleroderma (sklair-uh-DER-muh) | a condition in which the skin hardens. |
| sebaceous cyst (si-BAY-shuhs) | a sac under the skin filled with sebum from a blocked sebaceous gland. |
| seborrhea (seb-or-EE-uh) | increased sebum discharge. |
| slough (sluhf) | soft dead tissue separated from a pressure injury or other ulceration. |
| squamous cell carcinoma (SKWAY-muhs) | a type of skin cancer affecting the squamous cells (flat epithelial cells) in the epidermis. |
| Stevens-Johnson syndrome | a severe, potentially fatal skin disease that causes lesions that destroy skin and mucous membranes; may be caused by reaction to a medication. |
| subcutaneous (suhb-kyoo-TAY-nee-uhs) | pertaining to the area under the skin; often used to describe a route of medication injection into the fatty tissue under the skin. |
| tinea capitis (TIN-ee-uh KAP-i-tis) | a fungal infection of the scalp. |
| tinea corporis (TIN-ee-uh KOR-puh-ris) | a fungal infection of the skin; commonly called ringworm. |
| tinea cruris (TIN-ee-uh KROO-ris) | a fungal infection of the genital and surrounding areas; commonly called jock itch. |
| tinea pedis (TIN-ee-uh PE-dis) | a fungal infection of the foot; commonly called athlete’s foot. |
| topical (TAHP-i-kuhl) | pertaining to a specific place/surface area; used to describe a medication route in which the drug is applied to the skin. |
| transdermal (tranz-DURM-uhl) | pertaining to something passing through or across the skin; used to describe a medication route in which the drug is absorbed through the skin (e.g., medicated patches) |
| trichomycosis (TRIK-oh-my-KOH-sis) | an abnormal condition in which hair is infected by fungus. |
| ulcer (UL-sur) | an open lesion of the mucous membranes or skin. |
| urticaria (urt-i-KAIR-ee-uh or urt-i-KAYR-ee-uh) | an allergic reaction that causes itchy wheals on the skin; also called hives. |
| varicella (VAIR-i-SEL-uh) | a highly contagious viral infection that causes an itchy, blistering rash; commonly called chickenpox. |
| verruca (plural: verrucae)(ve-ROO-kuh; plural: ve-ROO-kee) | a bump on the skin formed by hypertrophy (over- growth) of part of the epidermis that is often caused by a viral infection; commonly called a wart. |
| vesicle (VES-i-kuhl) | a small blister less than 0.5 cm in diameter that contains watery fluid. |
| vitiligo (vit-il-EYE-goh) | a disorder in which patches of skin lose melano-cytes, causing depigmentation. |
| wheal (wheel) | a round or nearly round elevation of the skin; tem-porary and usually marked by itching. |
| xeroderma (zeer-oh-DUR-muh) | the condition of having dry skin; less severe than ichthyosis. |
| allograft (AL-oh-graft) | a surgical skin/tissue graft from one person to another. |
| autograft (AHT-oh-graft) | a surgical skin/tissue graft from one part of a per-son’s own body to another. |
| biopsy (BY-ahp-see) | the removal of living tissue for visual inspection; often used as a diagnostic procedure to detect cancer. |
| blepharoplasty (BLEF-uh-roh-PLAS-tee) | a surgical procedure to reduce the upper and lower eyelids; also called a lid lift. |
| cauterization (KAW-ter-i-ZAY-shun) | the destruction of tissue; may be performed using chemicals, electrical current, heat, cold, or sound waves. |
| chemabrasion (KEEM-uh-BRAY-zhuhn) | the use of a chemical agent to remove outer skin cells; also called a chemical peel. |
| cryosurgery (KRY-oh-SUR-ju-ree) | the use of an extremely cold tool or substance (often liquid nitrogen) to destroy abnormal skin cells and tissues. |
| curettage (KYU-re-TAHZH) | the removal of tissue by scraping. |
| debridement (de-BREED-ment) | the removal of damaged or necrotic skin tissue, or other material from a wound. |
| dermabrasion (DURM-uh-BRAY-zhuhn) | the use of friction to remove outer skin cells; it may be used to remove scar tissue, fine wrinkles, or tattoos. |
| dermatoplasty (DUR-muht-oh-PLAST-ee or dur-MAT-oh-PLAST-ee) | skin grafting, or the transplanting of living skin to repair skin damaged by injury or disease. |
| electrodesiccation(ee-LEK-troh-des-i-KAY-shun) | the destruction of cells with electrical energy. |
| electrolysis (e-lek-TRAHL-i-sis) | the use of electric currents to destroy a substance; often used to remove unwanted hair. |
| excisional (ek-SI-zhuhn-uhl)biopsy | the complete surgical removal of suspicious tissue for visual inspection. |
| incision (in-SIZH-uhn) and drainage | the opening of an abscess with a scalpel to drain pus. |
| liposuction (LY-poh-suk-shun or LI-poh-suk-shun) | the removal of fat from below the skin through the use of suction; a small incision is made in the skin and a suction tube (cannula) inserted to remove adipose tissue; also called a suction lipectomy. |
| Mohs (mohz) surgery | the removal and examination of layers of cancer- ous tissue until a layer clear of all cancerousthe removal and examination of layers of cancer- ous tissue until a layer clear of all cancerous tissues has been reached. |
| onychectomy (ahn-i-KEK-tuh-mee) | the surgical removal of a fingernail or toenail. |
| phototherapy (FOH-toh-THAIR-uh-pee) | the use of sunlight or artificial ultraviolet light as a medical treatment; may be used to treat damaged or cancerous tissues or to treat jaundice in new-born infants |
| punch biopsy | the use of a hollow, circular cutting instrument to remove a cylindrical sample of tissue for visual inspection. |
| rhytidectomy (rit-i-DEK-tuh-mee) | the surgical removal of excess skin to eliminate wrinkles; also called a face lift. |
| shave biopsy | the use of a razor or scalpel to remove a thin layer of epidermal and dermal tissue for visual inspection. |
| xenograft (ZEN-oh-graft or ZEEN-oh-graft) | a surgical skin/tissue graft from a different species (e.g., from a nonhuman animal to a human) |
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28castillo