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forensics terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Autopsy: | the internal and external examination of a body after death. An autopsy is performed to confirm or determine the cause of death and establish other pre-death conditions, such as the type of food last consumed and the time it was consumed. |
| Ballistics: | the study of the motion of bullets and their examination for distinctive characteristics after being fired. Examiners can use this evidence to match bullets or bullet fragments. |
| Blood Spatter: | the pattern of blood that has struck a surface. This pattern can provide vital information about the source of the blood. Blood spatter can help determine the side and type of the wound, the direction and speed with which the perpetrator or victim was m |
| Bloodstain Interpretation: | the interpretation of size, shape, orientation and distribution of bloodstains on various surfaces. Information about the event can be derived from the proper interpretation of the stains. |
| Bullet Track: | the path of a bullet or projectile as it passes through matter, such as a body or wall. |
| Caliber: | the diameter of the bore of a rifled firearm, usually expressed in hundredths of an inch or in millimeters. For example, a Colt 45 has a bore of .45 of an inch |
| Catalyst: | a substance that accelerates a chemical reaction but is not itself permanently changed by the reaction |
| Composite Drawing: | a sketch of a suspect produced from eyewitness descriptions of one or more persons |
| Criminology: | the study of criminal activity and how it is dealt with by the law |
| DNA Electrophoresis: | the technique by which DNA fragments are placed in a gel and charged with electricity. An applied electric field then separates the fragments by size, as part of the process of creating a genetic profile. |
| DNA Profiling: | the process of testing to identify DNA patterns or types. In forensic science, this testing is used to indicate parentage or to exclude or include individuals as possible sources of bodily fluid stains (blood, saliva, semen) and other biological eviden |
| Evidence: | anything that has been used, left, removed, altered, or contaminated during the commission of a crime or other event under investigation |
| Fingerprint: | the unique patterns created by skin ridges found on the palm, sides of fingers and thumbs. |
| Forensic Science: | the application of science to law |
| Gas Chromatograph (GC): | a forensic tool used to identify the chemical makeup of substances used in the commission of crimes. The questioned substance is burned at high temperatures. The temperature at which this material becomes gas is then charted to determine its makeup |
| Gene: | a unit of inheritance consisting of a sequence of DNA that determines a particular characteristic in an organism. |
| Hemoglobin: | a red blood cell protein responsible for transporting oxygen into the bloodstream. Also provides the red coloring of blood. |
| Latent Fingerprint | : a fingerprint made by deposits of oils and/or perspiration, not usually visible to the human eye. Various technologies, including lasers, can be used to identify latent prints |
| Luminol: | a chemical that is capable of detecting bloodstains diluted up to 10,000 times. Luminol is used to identify blood that has been removed from a given area. It is an invaluable tool for investigators at altered crime scenes. |
| Physical Evidence: | any object that can help explain an event under investigation. For example, physical evidence can establish that a crime has been committed, and sometimes it can provide a link between a crime and its victim or between a crime and its perpetrator. |
| Point-by-Point Analysis: | when comparing a known object to one that needs to be identified, analysis will break down photos of each into small portions and compare the respective similarities within those portions. |
| Ridge Characteristics: | ridge endings, bifurcations, enclosures, and other ridge details, which must match in two fingerprints for their common origin to be established. |
| Serology: | a technology dealing with the properties and actions of serums in blood; also known as “blood analysis”. |
| Super Glue Fuming: | techniques used to develop latent fingerprints on non-porous surfaces. A chemical in the glue reacts with and adheres to the finger oils, and then exposes latent prints. |
| Toxicology: | the study of poisons and drugs and their effect on human and animal populations. |
| Trace Evidence: | material deposited at a crime or accident scene that can only be detected through a deliberate processing procedure. An individual entering an environment will deposit traces of his or her presence, and this material can be used as evidence. Common typ |
| Trajectory: | the path of a projectile. |
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