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Ch 1
Intro to Chemistry
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| matter | anything that has mass AND volume |
| atom | The smallest unit of an element |
| Chemistry | the study of matter and its transformation |
| mass | the amount of material in something |
| element | a substance that is made up of only one kind of atom |
| compound | a pure substance made up of two or more elements chemically bonded together |
| structure | how something is put together |
| composition | what something is made up of |
| property | characteristic and behaviors of substances |
| extensive property | a characteristic that depends on the amount of matter present |
| intensive property | a characteristic that does NOT depend on the amount of matter present |
| physical property | a characteristic that does not result in a change to a new substance |
| chemical property | a characteristic that does result in a change into a new substance |
| physical change | a change that does not result in a new substance |
| chemical change | a change that does result in a new substance |
| energy | the ability to cause motion or produce heat |
| law of conservation of energy | energy cannot be created or destroyed, it can only change form |
| chemical energy | energy stored in the bonds of atoms and molecules |
| light or radiant energy | electromagnetic energy that travels in waves |
| thermal energy | heat energy; vibration or movement of particles |
| nuclear energy | energy stored in the nucleus of an atom |
| electrical energy | energy from the flow of electrons |
| kinetic molecular theory | All matter consists of particles that are in constant motion |
| solid | tightly packed particles that vibrate around a fixed position |
| liquid | tightly packed particles with enough energy to move freely past one another |
| gas | state of matter that contains the most energy and particles are far apart with no attraction to one another |
| mixture | a blend of two or more substances in which the amount of each substance can vary |
| phase | a physically distinct region of matter |
| dstillation | a method to separate two liquids using their boiling points |
| homogeneous mixture | a mixture that contains only one phase; uniform throughout |
| heterogeneous mixture | a mixture that contains two or more phases |
| solution | a synonym for homogeneous mixture |
| chemical reaction | a synonym for chemical change |
| pure substance | a substance in which every sample has identical composition, structure, and properties |
| family | a vertical row on the periodic table in which the elements share similar properties |
| group | a synonym for a family |
| period | a row on the periodic table; there are seven periods |
| metal | a element that is a good conductor of heat and electricity, is typically sliver or grey, has luster, and high tensile strength |
| malleable | ability to hammer a metal into a thin sheet |
| ductile | ability to be drawn into a wire |
| luster | shiny |
| tensile strength | ability to be stretched w/o breaking |
| nonmetal | an element that is a poor conductor of heat and electricity, has low tensile strength, and brittle as a solid |
| metalloids | metals that conduct electricity but don't become as hot as a metal, a semiconductor |
| brittle | breaks easily |
| noble gas | a Group 18 gas that is nonflammable and has low reactivity |
Created by:
vcanfield
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