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Chapter 1

Intro to Medical Terminology: Broader Terminology

TermDefinition
Acute-Illness Characterized by rapid onset, short duration (days to 3 weeks) & curable. Ex: Flu, Cold, etc.
Autoimmune Patients' own immune system is causing problem/disorder. Can cause self-damage. Ex: Arthritis, etc.
Chronic Illness Gradual onset, incurable/non-self-resolving, symptoms may come and go (but never gone). Ex: Diabetes, etc.
Congenital Present since/from birth/born with them and never gained later on in life. Ex: Deft Lip, etc.
Convalescence Period of time where patient is gradually recovering. Ex: Remission From Cancer Treatments, etc.
Debilitating Weakening effect/really bad & takes away a pts. ability. Ex: Chronic pain, etc.
Benign Tumor or growth that is not cancerous but still present and severe (just not caused by Cancer) Ex: Heart Murmurs, etc.
Malignant A cancerous tumor that can spread (Metastasis), and can also damage neighboring tissues before it can get to blood and eventually reach organs.
Hypersensitivity When the body has an exaggerated response to an antigen, a substance that is harmful or perceived by the body to be harmful. Also known as an allergy.
Genetic Something inherited or passed from one's biological parents in their genes. Ex: Eye Color, Down Syndrome, etc.
Diagnosis A confirmed result to a prognosis or a unintentional find. Something the patient does 100% have.
Prognosis A prediction of what symptoms could add up to or what a diagnosis could escalate to. This is not a random guess, it is a one based on known information.
Idiopathic A disease of unknown origin/etiology (cause) or unknown why some people get it and not others. Ex: Cancer
Endogenous An injury or condition that originates within the body and not caused by outside infection or other exposure.
Epidemic A sudden, widespread outbreak of a disease within a population, group, or area of land. This is not just in one area, this has a wide radius (ex: over continents).
Exogenous An injury or condition that originates outside the body by outward impact/exposure.
Immunological Pertaining to a reaction between an antigen and an antibody, a protein that the body makes in response to an antigen. Ex: People creating brand new anti-bodies after first-time exposure to COVID.
Syndrome A set of signs/symptoms that occur together as part of a disease process.
Infectious An allergen/exposure that is capable of an infection in either yourself or others.
Inflammatory A part of the body prone to or marked by inflammation (signs are redness, heat, fever, swelling, etc.).
Ischemic A condition or disease caused by a temporary deficiency in blood flow to an organ or tissue.
Metabolic A disorder that interferes with normal metabolism, the chemical process involved in converting food to energy.
Neoplastic A new, abnormal growth (tumor) that may be cancerous or noncancerous.
Nosocomial An infection acquired in a hospital setting that was not present upon admission. HAI = Hospital Acquired Infection
Nutritional Relating to chemical processes in the body that occur after ingesting (eating) food.
Opportunistic A pathogen that does not normally cause a disease unless the immune system is in a weakened state. Ex: Those with AIDS are more likely to have these infections.
Terminal A disease for which there are treatments but no cure and can be fatal (certain malignant cancers for example).
Iatrogenic An infection or disease that arises as a complication of medical or surgical intervention.
Auscultation Use of a stethoscope to listen to sounds within body cavities.
Signs Objective observations from the healthcare professional who observes the patient to observe and note them.
Symptoms Refers to the patient's awareness of abnormalities or discomfort. Depends on the patient's subjective perceptions. Symptoms recorded create a 'Patient History.'
Palpation Application of light or firm pressure on the skin above internal organs or structures to check for abnormalities.
Endemic A disease that is ongoing and restricted to a certain population, group, or area of land. If it spreads further, it's no longer endemic.
Created by: 224918
 

 



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