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AP Psych Unit 0
AP Psych Unit 0 Key Words
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| nature-nurture | debate over the contributions of genes and experience in development of psychological traits and behaviors |
| Biological Psychology Perspective | The perspective of psychology that focuses on understanding the links between our biological and psychological processes. (Brain, hormones, nervous System, and how we then react to that) |
| Humanistic Psychology Perspective | The perspective of psychology that emphasizes our potential as humans to grow as individuals. Focuses on free will and motivation to grow to be yourself. |
| Psychodynamic Psychology Perspective | The perspective of psychology that focuses on the unconscious mind and childhood, mainly used in therapy. This perspective gives the belief that the revealing the unconscious thoughts and feelings can reveal your subconscious thoughts and behaviors. |
| Behaviorism Psychology Perspective | The perspective of psychology that focuses on the behavioral observations without referencing mental processes. Emphasizes the role the environment has on behavior through reinforcement, punishment, and observation. Used in education and therapy. |
| Socialcultural Psychology Perspective | The perspective of psychology that focuses on the experiences and influences in a person's life to understand how culture can shape someone. (religion, social norms, etc.) |
| Cognitive Psychology Perspective | The perspective of psychology that focuses on how individuals interpret information and how that influences our behavior. It focuses on our inner thoughts as a person. |
| operational definitions | a carefully worded statement of the exact procedures (operations) used in a research study that is a check on bias. these definitions must be manageable and measurable. This will allow the research to be replicated. |
| Experimental methodology | Designed to be carried out under controlled conditions, with a goal to test a hypothesis and establish a casual relationship between the independent and dependent variable. CAN explain behaviors. |
| Non-experimental methodolgy | Used in research where a controlled experiment isn't possible or ethical. Just DESCRIBES behavior, cannot explain behavior. (Like case studies, correlational studies, meta-analysis, and naturalistic observation.) |
| Genie "Wild Child" | A child that grew up in a singular isolated room with no human interaction for 13 years. Faced neglect and was eventually found by CPS unable to speak any language except grunt. |
| Kim Peek | A man that came out as a savant (photographic memory) due to a brain injury/abnormality. |
| Naturalistic Observation | observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control situation |
| Phineas Gage | An american railroad worker that, upon hammering a iron rod into an area with a mine still there, got launched into his skull damaging some parts of his brain. Most stories of him are exaggerated, he was remotely normal after minor defects. |
| correlation | a measure of the extent to which two factors vary together, and thus of how well either factor predicts the other. (Corrleation does not mean causation) |
| correlation coefficient | a statistical index of the relationship between two things (from -1.00 to +1.00) |
| illusory correlation | the perception of a relationship where none exists |
| double-blind procedure | an experimental procedure in which both the research participants and research staff are blind about whether the participants have received the treatment or a placebo |
| placebo effect | experimental results caused by expectations alone, any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition, which the recipient assumes is an active agent |
| confounding variables | a factor other than the independent variable that might produce an effect in an experiment |
| independent variable | the experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied |
| dependent variable | the outcome factor, the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable |
| hindsight bias | the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it. (aka: i knew it all along phenomenon) |
| free association | when a word/image triggers another idea word or picture in our mind. |
| Biopsychosocial Psychology Perspective | Psychology Perspective that focuses on the connectedness of biological, psychological, and social factors in understanding behavior and mental processes. (Combo of biological + socialcultural) |
| Evolutionary Psychology Perspective | Psychology Perspective that focuses on how natural selection and adaption influences our behavior. |
| confirmation bias | the tendency to seek out information that aligns with our point of view while dismissing information that clashes with our pov. |
| overconfidence bias | tendency to overestimate their own knowledge, likelihood of being correct, or ability to perform certain tasks. |
| Quasi-experiment | Experiment that does not include random assignment of participants. |
| Likert scale | Scale that has participants rate their agreement with statements on a scale to provide the researcher with quantifiable data on the participants' attitudes or opinions. |
| Naturalistic Observation | observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control situation. DESCRIBES BEHAVIOR, doesn't explain behavior. |
| Case Study | a case study is a descriptive technique in which one individual or group is studies in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles. Info is observed, not experimented on. |
| Mean | Add and divide all numbers in the set. |
| Median | Order the data from largest to smallest, then find the number in the middle-that is the median. |
| Mode | The number that appears the most often in the set of numbers. |
Created by:
victoriaaphuman