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Section- Unit 6
Data
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Types of data | 1. Integers 2. Floating point Numbers 3. Characters 4. Character Strings 5. Boolean Values |
| Integers | A number values WITHOUT a decimal Whole Numbers. Positive, Negative or Zero |
| Floating Point numbers | Includes fractions in a decimal format |
| Characters | Letter, Number, Symbol |
| character strings | A list of characters of any length. Alphanumeric data & symbols Examples: Abc, Def456 |
| Boolean Values | True or False |
| Database table | Datasheet |
| Records | Represented by rows in a table related information. Data is stored in records |
| Columns | Represents fields. Fields contain a single piece of data about the subject record |
| A typical database application has 2 major layers | Application Layer & Database Management Layer |
| Application Layer | Communicates with the end user and can be complex. Does not directly manipulate data |
| Database Management Layer | A tool to obtain the results. |
| DBMS alters what? | The database after receiving the request through the application layer. If the request is to retrieve information, it is the DBMS that performs the required searches |
| Databased systems | Integrate the information stored and maintained by an organization |
| Flat File database | Stores data in plain text Fields are separated by delimiters like spaces or commas uses a simple structure, it cannot contain multiple tables |
| Hierarchical Database | One of the oldest database models organize in a tree structure like an organizational chart One parent for each record- subtrees called segments |
| Relational Database | Contain database tables that can be joined together in logical ways. Record has a unique identifier |
| Unique identifiers referred to | primary key (PK) Creates the relationship among tables Foreign keys (FK) |
| Database Operations | Has these type of operations: SELECT FROM Patient * means EVERYTHING from that table |
| WHERE Statement | adds a condition to the query being requested |
| SELECT statement | To identify the records that are being requested |
| Select = | Select Fields, Columns. Extract Data from database |
| From= | Tables |
| Where= | Criteria, Rows |
| Combine= | Join, Union and Product |
| Alter= | Delete, Update and Insert |
| Union operation | Combines distinct fields from multiple tables that have the same set of attributed and data types |
| Product Operation | Creates a results table that includes all of the attributes from two tables |
| Joins operation | Combines two tables, but records are only appended when matching criterion is met |
| Joins and Unions | |
| Update | Updates data |
| Delete | Deletes dara |
| Insert | Inserts new data |
| drop table | deletes a table |
| drop index | deletes an index |
| NoSQL | short for not only SQL |
| NoSQL includes | key value document, columnar, and graph formats |
| cloud database | optimized to work in a cloud environment |
| Benefits of cloud database | ability to increase resources, highly available and supports Saas (software as a service) |
| Date lakes | stored in a raw format, usually a single store enterprise data, can include structured and unstructured data |
| Distributed database | Consists of data residing on different machines |
| Database Administration (DBA) | are important functions in any organization that is dependent on one or more database. |
| DBA responsibilites | 1. Data security 2. Database tuning 3. High Availability 4. Business Continuity 5. Backup and recovery 6. Reporting |
| Database Security | Ensuring that only authorized users have access to the database and fortifying it against unauthorized access |
| database tuning | optimizing performance of database systems |
| High availability | Making replicas (copies) of database available from various locations |
| Reporting | Writing complex queries and generating reports for users |
| Designing & developing database applications | Writing code to interact with the database resource |
| Data management tools | Business intelligence- translation of raw data into something useful SQL NoSQL |
| Structured Query Language (SQL) | To access the information in a database |
| How does Join operations work | all possible combinations- generates every possible combination from to tables rows multiply No conditions- Theres no condition to match rows, it just pairs everything |
| Database Tuning | Optimizing performance of database systems |
| High Availability | Making replicas (copies) of database available from various locations |
| Backup and recovery | Planning for and executing adequate backup and recovery procedures |
| Reporting | Writing complex queries and generating reports for users |
| Designing & Developing database applications | Writing code to interact with database resource |
| DBAs | need a complex set of specialized skills as well as current knowledge of database developments acquired through intense professional development |
| The 4 primary categories of NoSQL technologies | 1. Document database 2. Graph database 3. Key value stores 4. Wide column stores |
| Document database (NoSQL) | Store data elements in document size like structures that encode information in formats such as JSON |
| Data is stored in | records (rows) |
| You are implementing a data storage solution for your organization where you need to store large volumes of both structured and unstructured data in its raw form. Which type of data storage system would be most appropriate? | Data Lake |
| A data lake is a system of data | in raw format |
| Data lakes can include both | structured data, such as tables, and unstructured data, such as audio and video recordings. |
| Distributed Databases consists of | data residing on different machines |
| Distributed Databases For instance, an international corporation might store and maintain local employer records a | local sites, yet link those records via a network to create a single, distributed database. |
| Cloud databases are | the ability to increase resources to accommodate for demands on the system, to be highly available even in the case of local or regional outages, |
| to be highly available even in the case of local or regional outages, | Cloud databases |
| You are implementing a data storage solution for your organization where you need to store large volumes of both structured and unstructured data in its raw form | Data Lake |
| A multinational corporation wants to store and maintain local records at various international offices while providing a unified view of the data. Which type of database architecture would best support this requirement | Distributed Database |
| You are setting up a database that needs to be highly available and scalable, with the ability to handle large amounts of data and provide service even during regional outages. What type of database should you consider? | Cloud Database |
| A company’s database experienced an unexpected outage, and its primary database copy is unavailable. What database administration strategy ensures that the company's operations can continue without significant disruption? | High Availability |
| The IT department needs to ensure that only authorized employees have access to sensitive information stored in the company’s database. Which database administration task should they focus on? | Database Security |
| A business analyst needs to generate a report based on specific data from the company’s database. Which database administration task is most relevant to this requirement? | Reporting |
| The company is experiencing slow query performance in its database system. What should the Database Administrator (DBA) focus on to improve performance? | Database Tuning |
| To ensure that the company can continue its core business operations effectively even if some auxiliary services are disrupted, which strategy should the DBA focus on? | Business Continuity |
| A new feature in the database needs to be developed to interact with various database resources. Which task is associated with this requirement? | Designing and Developing Database Applications |
| A company wants to make informed business decisions based on data analysis. What tool or concept should they use to pull data from the database? | SQL |
| The company’s IT team is working to ensure that the database can handle a high volume of traffic without performance degradation. What aspect of database management are they focusing on? | High Availability |
| what is s NOT typically a responsibility of a database administrator in this context | Design and implement the user interface of the healthcare application |
| The database is being designed to include fields for customer age, name, and whether they have subscribed to a newsletter. Which data type is most appropriate for the field 'age | Integers |
| A legacy system in a company organizes data in a tree-like structure, similar to how a company’s organizational chart is arranged. Which database model does this system use? | Hierarchical database |
| An application needs to interact with a database to execute SQL commands and handle errors. What role does the database driver play in this interaction? | Acts as a bridge for communication between the application and the database |
| A new web application is being developed that needs to retrieve and update customer records stored in a database. Which layer of the DBMS is responsible for directly communicating with the database to retrieve and modify data based on user requests? | Database Management layer |
| Which characteristic of valuable data indicates that the data must be current and relevant to the time of decision-making | Timely |
| An organization uses a system where each record is stored in a single line of a text file, with fields separated by commas. This system does not support multiple tables or complex relationships between data. | Flat-file database |
| Which of the following is a characteristic of NoSQL databases? | They can accommodate a wide variety of data models, including key-value, document, columnar, and graph formats |
| What is the primary difference between an object-oriented (OO) database and a relational database? | OO databases store data as objects, which include both data and methods for processing the data, while relational databases use tables and rows |
| In a relational database, what is the purpose of a primary key? | To uniquely identify each record in a table |
| What does a foreign key do in a relational database? | It stores the primary key of one table in another table to create a relationship |
| In the selection operation, what does the WHERE clause in SQL do? | Defines the condition that must be met for a row to be included in the result table |
| in the selection operation, what does the FROM clause in SQL do? | n the selection operation, what does the FROM clause in SQL do? |
| In the selection operation, what does the SELECT clause in SQL do? | It specifies which columns to include in the result set. |
Created by:
mnapole
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