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Unit 1 APHUG
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| geography | the study of the physical features of the earth and its atmosphere, and of human activity as it affects and is affected by these, including the distribution of populations and resources, land use, and industries |
| thematic map | show spatial aspects of information or of a phenomenon |
| reference map | generalized map type designed to show general spatial properties of features |
| place | uniqueness of a location (or similarity of two or more locales); phenomena within an area |
| formal region | homogeneous region is an area within which everyone shares in common one or more distinctive characteristics. The shared feature could be a cultural value such as a common language, or an environmental climate |
| perceptual (vernacular) region | a place that people believe exists as a part of their cultural identity. Such regions emerge from peoples informal sense of place rather than from scientific models developed through geographic thought |
| functional region | area organized around a node or focal point; the characteristic will diminish in importance as it spreads outward. This region is tied to the central point by transportation or communication systems or by economic or functional associations |
| Geographic Information Systems (GIS) | collection of computer hardware and software permitting spatial data to be collected, recorded, stored, retrieved, used, and displayed |
| remote sensing | method of collecting data or information through the use of instruments (e.g., satellites) that are physically distant from the area or object of study |
| absolute direction | A compass direction such as north or south. |
| absolute distance | Exact measurement of the physical space between two places. |
| relative direction | Directions such as left, right, forward, backward, up, and down based on people's perception of places |
| relative distance | A measure of distance that includes the costs of overcoming the friction of absolute distance separating two places. Often relative distance describes the amount of social, cultural, or economic, connectivity between two places. |
| clustering | Gathering close together; forming in a group |
| dispersed/dispersal | distributed or spread over a considerable area |
| satellite navigation system | a device used to plot the user's position on a map, using GPS technology to obtain the location |
| possibilism | The theory that the physical environment may set limits on human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to the physical environment and choose a course of action from many alternatives. |
| environmental determinism | A theory that claims that cultural traits are formed and controlled by environmental conditions. |
| space | A theory that claims that cultural traits are formed and controlled by environmental conditions. |
| sustainability | The use of Earth's renewable and nonrenewable natural resources in ways that do not constrain resource use in the future. |
| time-space compression | an influence on the rate of expansion diffusion of an idea, observing that the spread or acceptance of an idea is usually delayed as distance from the source of the innovation increases. |
| distance decay | the diminishing in importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin. |
| landscape analysis | using field observation, spatial data, and aerial photography to gather data to define and describe landscapes |
| photographic Interpretation | the identification, description and measurement of objects in images, especially in aerial photographs, for geologic, cartographic or military purposes |
| census data | geospatial data collected through the quantification of a population which can include details of race, religion, gender, etc. |
| relative location | a relative location is the position of something relative to another landmark |
| site | a physical character of a place, such as characteristics like climate, water sources, topography, soil, vegetation, latitude, and elevation |
| situation | The location of a place relative to other places; valuable to indicate location: finding an unfamiliar place and understanding its importance by comparing location with familiar one and learning their accessibility to other places |
| absolute location | Exact location of a place on the earth described by global coordinates |
| elevation | The altitude of a place above sea level |
| map projection | a way of representing the spherical Earth on a flat surface |
| natrual resources | Materials or substances such as minerals, forests, water, and fertile land that occur in nature and can be used for economic gain |
| land use | The ways in which people use a particular area of Earth's surface; for example, for farming, development, or preservation |
| pattern | The geometric or regular arrangement of something in a study area. |
| flows | process or movements of a particular phenomenon, such as people, goods or information. |
| satellite imagery | Photos of the earth taken from orbiting satellites. Images can be taken in a variety of forms so as to detect specific information about the earth, vegetation and other types of land cover. |
| field observation | the act of physically visiting a location, place, or region and recording, firsthand, information there |
| media reports | Articles published by newspapers and magazines |
| travel narrative | The "representation" of a story- the story of someone traveling somewhere with firsthand accounts |
| personal interview | A face-to-face conversation in which a researcher surveys an individual to obtain research data |
| pronatalism (pronatalist policies) | programs designed to increase the fertility rate |
| forced migration | a type of movement in which people do not choose to relocated, but do so under threat of violence |
| voluntary migration | movement undertaken by choice |
| arithmetic population density | calculated by dividing a region's population by its total area |
| antinatalism (antinatalist policies) | programs to decrease the number of births |
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lores_cave