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A&P
Study Stack The Nervous System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the Function of the Nervous System ? | Is a complex structure responsible for controlling and coordinating numerous body functions, including conscious and unconscious activities. Maintains homeostasis an equilibrium. |
| Organs and Divisions of the Nervous System | CNS ( Central Nervous System ) consisting of the brain and the spinal. PNS ( Peripheral Nervous System ) is outside the CNS and includes afferent ( sensory) and efferent ( motor) branches. |
| What are the 2 divisions of the Efferent System ? | Somatic Nervous System = relays impulses to the skeletal muscles Autonomic Nervous System = relays impulses to the smooth muscles |
| What are the 2 branches of the autonomic System | Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS ) Parasympathetic Nervous System ( PNS ) |
| Sympathetic Nervous system | Serves as the emergency or stress system, controlling visceral effectors during strenuous exercise and when strong emotions (anger, fear, hate, or anxiety) are triggered. Group of changes induced by sympathetic control is called the fight-or-flight response. |
| Parasympathetic Nervous System | Group Function: Dominates control of many visceral effectors under normal, everyday conditions; counterbalances sympathetic function . |
| What are the parts of the CNS ( Central Nervous System ) | Cerebrum = largest part of the brain Cerebellum = second largest part of the brain Brain Stem |
| What are the functions of the cerebrum? | Mental processes of all types, including sensations, consciousness, memory, and voluntary control of movements. |
| What are the functions of the cerebellum? | Helps control muscle contractions to produce coordinated movements so that we can maintain balance, move smoothly, and sustain normal postures. |
| What are the functions of the Brainstem? | All three parts of brainstem are two-way conduction paths. Sensory tracts in the brainstem conduct impulses to the higher parts of the brain. Motor tracts conduct from the higher parts of the brain to the spinal cord. Gray matter areas in the brainstem function as important reflex centers. |
| What do you call the cells of the Nervous System ? | Neurons =cells that conducts the impulses |
| What are the parts of the Neurons ? | 1. Cell body of neuron , main part 2. Dendrites Branching projections that conduct impulses to cell body of neuron 3. Axon Elongated projection that conducts impulses away from cell body of neuron |
| What is a synapses? | The place where impulses are transmitted from one neuron to another (the postsynaptic neuron) . |
| What are neurotransmitters ? | These are chemicals allow neurons to communicate with each other. Bind to specific receptor molecules in the membrane of a postsynaptic neuron, opening ion channels and thereby stimulating impulse conduction by the membrane. |
| saltatory conduction | The action potential seems to “jump” from node to node along a myelinated fiber. |
| mylein | The white, fatty substance that surrounds an axon . |
| Medulla oblongata | Lowest part of the brainstem. |
| Which system integrates emotion ? | Limbic System |
| pia matter | innermost layer of the meninges |
| General name for nervous system tumor. | Neuroma |
| What are the 3 parts of the Brain Stem ? | medulla oblongata, midbrain, and pons. |
| How many pairs of spinal nerves are connected to the spinal cord? | 31 |
| Parkinson's Disease | Results from a deficiency of dopamine, a neurotransmitter, in certain areas of the brain. |
| What neurotransmitters are release on the axon terminals of autonomic neurons ? | Norepinephrine and acetylcholine |
| cranial nerves | Nerves that originates from the brain. The nervous system is divided into which two principal divisions? Autonomic and central Correct Peripheral and central Autonomic and peripheral Central and afferent Question 3 of 25 The part of a neuron that transmits impulses away from the cell body is the Correct axon. dendrite. neurilemma. neurofibril. Question 4 of 25 Cells that conduct the impulses are called Correct neurons. Schwann cells. glial cells. |
| Neuritis | Nerve inflammation |
| Oligodendrocytes | Glia cell that produces the myelin that envelops the nerve fibers of the brain and spinal cord. |
| ventricles | large fluid-filled spaces within the brain |
| Neuroblastoma | Affects young children–highly malignant tumor. |
| Hemiplegia | Paralysis of one side of the body. |
| olfactory nerve | Cranial nerve responsible for the sense of smell. |
| dermatome. | Skin surface area supplied by a single spinal nerve. |
Created by:
mparcasio