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Respiratory system

Functions of the Respiratory System The primary function of the lungs is to facilitate the exchange of gases between the body and the environment. Take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide.
What are the parts of the upper respiratory tract ? Nose Pharynx Larynx
What are the parts of the lower respiratory tract ? Trachea Bronchial tree Lungs
What is the importance of mucous ? Mucus serves as an air purification mechanism by trapping inspired irritants such as dust and pollen.
What is the function of the nose ? Warms and moistens inhaled air. Contains sense organs of smell.
Pharynx Another term for throat . It allows passage of substances to which two different body systems (Respiratory and digestive). Passageway for food and liquids. Air distribution; passageway for air
Larynx Located just below pharynx; also referred to as the voice box . Air distribution; passageway for air to move to and from lungs Voice production.
Trachea Also called as the windpipe . Function: Passageway for air to move to and from lungs. Blockage of trachea occludes the airway, and if complete, causes death in minutes.
Bronchi and bronchioles Air distribution; passageway for air to move to and from alveoli.
Alveoli Exchange of gases between air and blood.
Bronchi The major lung air passages that diverge from the windpipe.
Bronchioles Small branches that divide from the bronchus in the lungs .
cilia Short , microscopic , hair like structures.
lungs Primary organ of the respiratory system.
Respiratory distress Relative inability to inflate the alveoli.
IRDS ( Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome ) Leading cause of death in premature infants, resulting from lack of surfactant production in alveoli.
ARDS ( Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome) Impairment of surfactant by inhalation of foreign substances or other conditions.
Structure of the Lungs Size: Large enough to fill the chest cavity, except for middle space occupied by heart and large blood vessels. Apex: Narrow upper part of each lung, under collarbone. Base: Broad lower part of each lung; rests on diaphragm.
What is a Pleura ? Moist, smooth, slippery membrane that lines chest cavity and covers outer surface of lungs; reduces friction between the lungs and chest wall during breathing .
Mechanism of breathing During inspiration, the diaphragm contracts, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity. This increase in volume results in a decrease in pressure, which causes air to rush into the lungs. During expiration, the diaphragm returns to an upward position, reducing the volume in the thoracic cavity. Air pressure increases then, forcing air out of the lungs.
Inspiration Active process: Muscles increase volume of thorax, decreasing lung pressure, which causes air to move from atmosphere into lungs (down the pressure gradient).
Expiration Moving air out of lungs.
Hyperventilation Rapid and deep respirations.
Hypoventilation Slow and shallow respirations.
Dyspnea Labored or difficult respirations.
Orthopnea Dyspnea relieved by moving into an upright or sitting position.
Eupnea Normal breathing
Rhinitis Inflammation of nasal mucosa
Tidal volume The amount of air that goes in and out of the lungs during normal breathing
Risidual Volume The amount of air that remains in the lungs after forced expiration
Epiglotis Lid or covering over entrance of larynx.
Apnea Temporary cessation of breathing.
Atelectasis Collapse of lung
Pharingitis Inflammation or infection of pharynx.
Laryngitis Inflammation of mucous lining of the larynx.
Created by: mparcasio
 

 



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