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Esthetics-ch3
Physiology and Histology of the skin- vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Apocrine Glands | Coiled structures attached to hair follicles found in the underarm (axillary) and genital areas; secrete sweat |
| Arrector Pili Muscle | Small, involuntary muscles in the base of the hair follicle that cause goose flesh when the appendage; contracts; sometimes called goosebumps and papillae |
| Barrier Function | Protective barrier of the epidermis; the corneum and intercellular matrix protect the surface from irritation and dehydration |
| Bilayers | A thin polar membrane made of two layers of lipids molecules; these membranes are flat sheets that form a continuous barrier around all cells |
| Ceramides | Glycolipid materials that are a natural part of the skin's intercellular matrix and barrier function |
| Collagen | Fibrous, connective tissue made from protein; found in the reticular layer of the dermis; gives skin its firmness; topically, a large, long-chain molecular protein that lies on the top of the skin and binds water; derived from the placentas of cows or oth |
| Couperose | Redness: capillaries that have been damaged and are now larger, or distended, blood vessels; commonly seen with telangiectasia |
| Corneocytes | Another name for a stratum corneum cell; hardened, waterproof, protective keratinocytes; these "dead" protein cells are dried out and lack nuclei |
| Dermal Papillae | Membranes of ridges and grooves that attach to the epidermis; contains nerve endings and supplies nourishment through capillaries to skin and follicles |
| Dermis | Also known as the derma, corium, cutis, or true skin; support layer of connective tissue, collagen, and elastin below the epidermis |
| Desmosomes | The structures that assist in holding cells together; intercellular connections made of proteins |
| Eccrine Glands | Sweat glands found all over the body with openings on the skin's surface through pores; not attached to hair follicles; secretions do not produce an offensive odor |
| Elastin | Protein fiber found in the dermis; gives skin its elasticity and firmness |
| Epidermal Growth Factor | Abbreviated EGF, stimulates cells to reproduce and heal |
| Epidermis | Outermost layer of skin; a thin protective layer with many cells, mechanisms, and nerve endings; is made up of five layers: stratum germinativum, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum |
| Eumelanin | A type of melanin that is dark brown to black in color; people with dark-colored skin produce mostly eumelanin; there are two types of melanin; the other type is pheomelanin |
| Fibroblasts | Cells that stimulate collagen production and amino acids that form proteins to aid in healing |
| Follicles | Hair follicles and sebaceous follicles are tubelike openings in the epidermis |
| Glycation | Caused by an elevation in blood sugar, glycation is the binding of a protein molecule to glucose molecule resulting in the formation of damaged, nonfunctioning structures known as advanced glycation end products (also known as AGES); glycation alters prot |
| Glycosaminoglycans | Large protein molecules and water-binding substances found between the fibers of the dermis; GAGS are polysaccharide- protein and sugar complexes; they work to maintain and support collagen and elastin in the cellular spaces, keeping protein fibers in bal |
| Hair Papillae | Coned-shaped elevations at the base of the follicle that fit into the hair bulb; papillae are filled with tissue that contains the blood vessels and cells necessary for hair growth and follicle nourishment |
| High-energy visible light | Abbreviated as HEV; light emitting from electronic devices, reported to penetrate the skin more deeply than UV rays; damages collagen, hyaluronic acid, and elastin |
| Hyaluronic acid | Hydrating fluids found in the skin, hydrophilic agent with water-binding properties |
| hydrolipidic | Hydrolipidic film is an oil-water balance that protects the skin's surface |
| Intercellular matrix | Lipids substances between corneum cells that protects the cells from water loss and irritation |
| Keratin | Fibrous protein of cells that is also the principal component of skin, hair, and nails; provides resiliency and protection to |
| Keratinocytes | Epidermal cells composed of keratin, lipids, and other proteins |
| Langerhans Immune Cells | Guard cells of the immune system that sense unrecognized foreign invaders, such as bacteria, and then process these antigens for removal through the lymph system |
| Lamellar granules | Organelles secreted from keratinocytes,resulting in the formation of an impermeable, lipid-containing membrane that serves |
| Leukocytes | White blood cells that have enzymes to digest and kill bacteria and parasites; also respond to allergies |
| Lymph Vessels | Located in the dermis; supply nourishment within the skin and remove waste |
| Melanin | Tiny grains of pigment (coloring matter) that are produced by melanocytes and deposited into cells int the stratum germinativum layer of the epidermis and in the papillary layers of the dermis; a protein that determines hair, eye, and skin color; produced |
| Melanocytes | Cells that produce skin pigment granules in the basal layer |
| Melanosomes | Pigment carrying granules that produce melanin, a complex protein |
| Papillary layer | Top layer of the dermis; next to the epidermis, |
| Pheomelanin | A type of melanin that is red and yellow in color; people with light-colored skin produce mostly pheomelanin; two types of melanin; the other is eumelanin |
| Pores | Tubelike opening for sweat glands on the epidermis |
| Reticular layer | Deeper layer of the dermis that supplies the skin with oxygen and nutrients; contains fat cells, blood vessels, sudoriferous (sweat) glands, hair follicle, lymph vessels, arrector pili muscles, sebaceous (oil) glands, and nerve endings |
| Rosacea | Chronic condition that appears primarily on the cheeks and nose and is characterized by flushing (redness), telangiectasis (distended or dilated surface blood vessels), and, in some cases, the formation of papules and pustules |
| Sebaceous Glands | Also known as oil glands; protects the surface of the skin; appendages connected to follicles |
| Sebum | Oil that provides protection for the epidermis from external factors and lubricates both the skin and hair |
| Stratum corneum | Also known as horny, outermost layer of the epidermis, composed of corneocytes |
| Stratum Germinativum | Also known as basal cell layer, active layer of the epidermis above the papillary layer of the dermis; cell mitosis takes place here to produce new epidermis skin cells (responsible for growth) |
| Stratum Granulosum | Also known as granular layer, layer of the epidermis composed of cells filled with keratin that resemble granules; replaces cell shed from the stratum corneum |
| Stratum Lucidum | Clear, transparent layer of the epidermis under the stratum corneum; thickest on the palms of hands and soles of feet |
| Stratum Spinosum | Also known as the spiny layer, layer of the epidermis above the stratum germinativum (basal) layer containing desmosomes, the intercellular connections made of proteins |
| Subcutaneous Layer | Also known as hypodermis; subcutaneous adipose (fat) tissue located beneath the dermis; protective cushion; energy storage for the body |
| Subcutis Tissue | Also known as adipose tissue; fatty tissue found below the dermis that gives smoothness and contour to the body, contains fat for use as energy, and also acts as a protective cushion for the outer skin |
| Sudoriferous Glands | Also known as sweat glands; excrete perspiration, regulate body temperature, and detoxify the body by excreting excess salt and unwanted chemicals |
| T cells | Identify molecules that have foreign peptides; help regulate immune response |
| Telangiectasia | Capillaries that have been damaged and are now larger, or distended, blood vessels; commonly called couperose skin |
| Transepidermal Water Loss | Abbreviated TEWL; water loss caused by evaporation on the skin's surface |
| Tyrosinase | The enzyme that stimulates melanocytes and thus produces melanin |
| UVA radiation | Also known as aging rays; longer wavelengths ranging between 320 and 400 nanometers that penetrate deeper into skin than UVB; cause genetic damage and cell death; UVA contributes up to 95 percent of the sun's ultraviolet radiation |
| UVB radiation | Also known as burning rays; UVB wavelengths range between 290 and 320 nanometers; UVB rays have shorter, burning wavelengths that are stronger and more damaging than UVA ryas; UVB causes burning of the skin as well as tanning, skin aging, and cancer |
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beja2628