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Esthetics-ch2
Anatomy and Physiology Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Abduction | Muscles that draw a body part, such as a finger, arm, or toe, away from the midline of the body or of an extremity. In the hand, abduction separates the fingers |
| Absorption | The transport of fully digested food into the circulatory system to feed the tissues and cells |
| Accessory Nerve | Also known as eleventh cranial nerve; a type of motor nerve that controls the motion of the neck and shoulder muscles |
| Adduction | Muscles that draw a body part, such as a finger, arm, or toe, inward toward the median axis of the body or of an extremity. In the hand, adduction draw the fingers together |
| Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) | Transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism |
| Adipose tissue | A specialized connective tissue considered fat, which gives smoothness and contour to the body and cushions and insulates the body |
| Adrenal Glands | Glands that are located at the top of the kidneys assisting in the regulation of metabolism, |
| Anatomy | The study of human body structure, how the body parts are organized, and the science of the structure of organisms or of their parts |
| Aorta | The body's largest artery, the arterial trunk that carries blood from the heart to be distributed by branch arteries through the body |
| Arteries | Thick- walled muscular, flexible tubes that carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the capillaries throughout the body |
| Arterioles | Small arteries that deliver blood to capillaries |
| Auricularis Muscles | The three muscles of the ear that work together to move the ear upward, forward, or backward |
| Auriculotemporal Nerve | Affects the external ear and skin above the temple, up to the top of the skull |
| Autonomic Nervous System | Abbreviated ANS; the part of the nervous system that controls the involuntary muscles, regulates the action of the smooth muscles; regulates the action of the smooth muscles, glands, blood vessels, and heart |
| Belly | The middle part of the muscle |
| Biceps | Muscle producing the contour of the front and inner side of the upper arm |
| Blood | Nutritive fluid circulating through the cardiovascular |
| Blood Vessels | Tubelike structures that transport blood to and from the heart, and to various tissue of the body; include arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins |
| Body System | Groups of body organs acting together to perform one or more functions. The human body is composed of 11 major system |
| Brain | Part of the central nervous system contained in the cranium; largest and most complex nerve tissue; controls sensation, muscles, glandular activity, |
| Brain Stem | Structure that connects the spinal cord to the brain |
| Buccal Nerve | Affects the muscles of the mouth |
| Buccinator | The thin, flat muscle of the cheek between the upper and lower jaw that compresses the cheeks and expels air between the lips, as in when blowing a whistle |
| Capillaries | Tiny, thin-walled blood vessels that connect the smaller arteries to the veins. Capillaries bring nutrients to the cells and carry away waste materials |
| Cardiovascular System | Body system consisting of the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries for the distribution of blood throughout the body |
| Carpus | Also known as wrist; a flexible joint composed of eight small, irregular bones (carpals) held together by ligaments |
| Cell Membrane | Part of the cell that enclose the protoplasm and permits soluble substances to enter and leave the cell |
| Cells | Basic unit of all living things; capable of performing all the fundamental functions of life |
| Central Nervous System | Abbreviated CNS; cerebrospinal nervous system; consists of the brain, spinal cord, spinal nerves, and cranial nerves |
| Cervical Nerves | A branch of the facial nerve that affects the side of the neck and the platysma muscle |
| Cervical Cutaneous Nerve | Located at the side of the neck, affects the front and sides of the neck as far down as the breastbone |
| Cervical Vertebrae | The seven bones of the top part of the vertebral column located in the neck region |
| Circulatory System | Also known as cardiovascular system; system that controls the steady circulation of the blood through the body by means of the heart and blood vessels |
| Clavicle | Also known as collarbone; bone joining the sternum and scapula |
| Common Carotid Arteries | arteries that supply blood to the face, head, and neck, located on either side of the neck, having an internal and external branch |
| Connective Tissue | Fibrous tissue that binds together, protects, and supports the various parts of the body such as bone, cartilage, and tendons. Examples of connective tissue are bone, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, blood, lymph, and fat |
| Corrugator Muscle | Facial muscle that draws eyebrows down andwrinkles the forehead vertically |
| Cranium | Oval, bony case that protects the brain |
| Defecation | Elimination of feces from the body |
| Deltoid | Larger, triangular muscle covering the shoulder joint that allows the arm to extend outward and to the side of the body |
| Deoxyribonucleic Acid | Abbreviated DNA; the blueprint material of genetic information; contains all the information that controls the function of every living cell |
| Depressor Anguli Oris | Also known as triangularis muscle extending alongside the chin that pulls down the corner of the mouth |
| Diaphragm | Muscular wall that separates the thorax from the abdominal region and helps control breathing |
| Digestion | Breakdown of food by mechanical and chemical means |
| Digestive Enzymes | Chemicals that change certain kinds of food into a form that can be used by the body |
| Digestive System | Also called the gastrointestinal system; responsible for changing food into nutrients and wastes; consists of the mouth, stomach, intestines, salivary and gastric glands, and other organs |
| Digital Nerve | Sensory- motor nerve that, with its branches, supplies impulses to the fingers |
| Digits | Also known as phalanges; the bones in the fingers, three in each finger and two in each thumb, totaling 14 bones |
| Ductless Glands | Also known as endocrine glands; glands that releases secretions called hormones directly into the bloodstream |
| Eleventh Cranial Nerve | Also known as accessory nerve; a motor nerve that controls the motion of the neck and shoulder muscles |
| Endocrine Glands | Also known as ductless glands; release secretions called hormones directly into the bloodstream which in turn influence the welfare of the entire body |
| Endocrine System | Group of specialized glands that affect the growth development, sexual activities, and health of the entire body |
| Enzymes | A group of complex proteins produced by living cells that act as catalysts in specific chemical reactions in the body, such as digestion |
| Epicranius | Also known as the occipitofrontalis; a broad muscle that covers the top of the skull and includes the occipitalis and frontalis |
| Epithelial tissue | Protective covering on body surfaces, such as the skin, mucous membranes, and lining of the heart; digestive and respiratory organs; and glands |
| Ethmoid Bone | Light, spongy bone between the eye sockets that forms part of the nasal cavities |
| Excretory System | |
| Exhalation | |
| Exocrine Glands | |
| Extension | |
| external Jugular Vein | |
| Facial Nerve | |
| Fifth Cranial Nerve |
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