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Module 1 review
EMT-1 exam review questions
| EMS Module 1 review | |
|---|---|
| What are in the three upper airway?(3) | Nasopharynx, Oropharynx ,Laryngopharynx (Other key points: Nose and mouth & epiglottis) |
| What gas is released during exhalation? | Carbon dioxide (co2) |
| What is the central nervous system composed of? | Brain and spinal cord |
| What structure of the heart receives oxygenated blood ? | left atrium |
| What makes up the axial skeleton? | Head, Ribcage, Pelvic, |
| What hollow organs are in the abdomen? | Large intestine, small intestine, gallbladder, stomach, bladder |
| What is the purpose of the red blood cells and the term name? | They carry oxygen (ethrocytes) |
| What is the purpose of white blood cells? | They fight against infection (leukocytes) |
| What are the purpose of platelets? | They help clot the blood (thrombocytes) |
| What does “- tachy” refer to? | Fast |
| What does “-edema” refer to? | Swelling |
| What does “-Pathy” refer to? | Disease |
| What causes shock? | Inadequate perfusion |
| What organs secrete insulin after each meal? | Pancreas |
| What is the purpose of the skeletal system? (3) | Protects the internal organs Produces blood cells Allow for movement |
| What is the outer most layer of skin? | Epidermis |
| What is the anaerobic metabolism? | Without Oxygen (o2) |
| What is aerobic metabolism?(3) | Carbon dioxide (Co2), Water Large amounts of ATP |
| What is the average amount of dead air space is in a average adult? | 150mL. |
| A patient has fallen on their back and has left hip pain, with a leg facing mid-line. What position are they in? | Supine, medical rotation with the left lower extremeity |
| How many vertebrae are in the thoracic spine? | 12 |
| What are the three weight bearing bones? | Pelvic, Tibia, Sacrum |
| What bone is in the arm found in the thumb side? | Radius |
| What respiration process that requires the active use of muscle? | Inhalation |
| What is special about cardiac muscle tissue? | Generates its own electric cardiac impulse |
| Where is cardiac muscle tissues found? | Myocardium (Key note: Endocardium thin later inside heart. Myocardium: Thick middle layer in heart Epicardium: outermost layer of the heart) |
| What does the left atrium do? | Receives blood from the lungs. |
| Where are the smooth muscles found? | Intestines Blood Vessels Respiratory system |
| The body will compensate for decreased cardiac by doing what? | Contraction of the blood vessels |
| What is it called when the heart generates its own impulse? | automaticity |
| What organ is responsible for filtering urine? | Kidneys |
| What part of the nervous system includes spinal cord? | Central nervous system |
| What structure covers the trachea during swallowing? | Epiglottis |
| What is the pancreas responsible for? | Produces insulin and glucagon, making hormones, regulating blood sugar |
| What is the name of the bone forming the superior end of the sternum? | Manubrium |
| What is the purpose of the respiratory system? | Breathe; receives co2; release co2 |
| What does Systolic pressure do? | It gives owing blood pressure into the arteries. |
| Term to describe the body part side by side of the midline? | Bilateral |
| Name of the body part that makes eggs? | Ovaries |
| What allows oxygen and co2 to transfer in the blood? | Diffusion |
| What is the frank sterling law? | Relationship between the volume of blood filling the heart(preload) and the force subsequent contraction(stroke volume). |
| Which part of the heart is responsible for contractivity? | Myocardium |
| Which heart valve does blood pass through after leaving the left atrium? | Bicuspid valve |
| Which respiratory requires the passive use of muscle? | Passive |
| In which system do the thyriod,gonads, adrenal, Pituitary gland belong to? | Endocrine |
| What structure has the leaf like cuplets that prevent the back flow of blood? | Veins |
| Hoe many vertebrae is in the lumbar spine? | 5 |
| What are the two weight bearing bones in the leg? | Tibia and femur |
| What structure receives deoxygenated blood from the lungs? | Right |
| What is the difference between a pediatric from an adult? | Larger tongue Throat is flexible Larger head Nose flare |
| What two things must be in the cell for aerobic metabolism to take place? | Oxygen Glucose |
| What would be a direct result of patient’s preload? | cardiac output |
| what is the main byproduct of anaerobic metabolism? | Lactic acid |
| From superior and inferior, name the secretions of the spine? | Cervial, Thoracic, Sacrum,Coxxyc. |
| What does “-it is” refer to: | inflammation |
| what does “apena” refer to: | Absence of, obstruction, lack of breathing. |
| What does “-Supra” refer to: | above |
| ”Hemo” refers to: | Blood |
| ”-Ostomy” refers to: | creating a hole |
| “-emia refers to: | Blood |
| What three parts make up the sternum? | Manubrium Xypoid Body |
| What is the primary function of the respiratory system? | Carbon Dioxide(co2 and Oxygen(o2) |
| What is in the hypertonic drive, what increases within the body? | increases the co2 |
| What is the name of the body where the egg connects to which tissue to develop into a fetus? | Uterus |
| Define frank sterling law? | When the ventricles are stretched(because they filled with more blood), they contract harder, which increases stroke volume |
| What is the formula for minute volume? | Tidal volume x respiratory volume |
| describe prone | down |
| Describe internal respiration? | occurs in the body tissues |
| What does ambient air contain? | 79% nitrogen 21%oxygen Trace amounts of argon and carbon doxide |
| What is the Boyle’s law define? | how ventilitation occurs in the body. The pressure of gas increases its volume decreases, assuming constant mass and temperature. |
| Explain the abdominal muscles. | contraction and increase the pressure inside the abdominal cavity, forcing the diaphragm to move higher against the lungs. |
| Internal intercostal muscles | contract and pull the sternum and rubs downward. |
| what is minute ventiliation? | the amount of air moved in and out of the lungs in one minute |
| Minute volume= what formula? | tidal volume x frequency of ventilation |
| the average mL of titan volume reaching the alveoli? | 350ml-500ml |
| What are in the lung receptors? (3) | irritant receptors Stretch receptors J-receptors |
| What is Hydrostatic pressure? | Force inside the vessel or papillary bed generate by the contraction of the heart and the blood pressure. |
| What is Cardiac input? | the amount of blood ejected from the heart in one minute. |
| CO= what formula? | heart rate x stroke volume |
| What does adrenaline produce? | Epinephrine and Norepinephrine |
| The pulmonary artery deliveries what into- | the lungs |
| Alpha 1 | Blood vessels (Vasoconstriction pupil dilation. Bladder sphincter contraction) |
| Alpha 2 | Brain (Inhibits norepine |
| Beta1 | Heart, kidneys (Effects: heart rate) |
| Beta 2 | Lungs (Effects:vasodilation) |
| Pivot joint | Allows rotational movement around a single axis. Ex. Neck (between C1 and C2 vertebrae), forearm (radius/ulna) |
| Ball and socket joint | Allows movement in all directions (rotation, flexion, extension, etc.) |
| Hinge joint | Allows bending and straightening (like a door hinge) |
| saddle joint | Allows movement in two directions; bones fit together like a rider on a saddle |
| Condyloid (Ellipsoid) | Allows movement in two planes (no rotation) |
| Gliding joint | Allows bones to slide past each other |
| Your adult patient is unconscious, breathing adequately, and has a pulse. There is no indication of trauma. The patient should be positioned? | Recovery position |
| Which of the following regarding homeostasis is correct ? | Homeostasis is a state of balance or equilibrium within the body |
| Components of adequate profusion (5) | Composition of ambient air Patency of the airway. Mechanics of ventilation Ventilation/perfusion ratio Transport O2 and Co2 by the blood. |
| continous components of adequate profusion (5) | BloodVolume Plump function of the myocardium Systemic Vascular resistance Microcirculation Blood Pressure |
| FiO2 | fraction of inspired oxygen |
| FDO2 | fraction of delivered oxygen |
| External respiration | - gas exchange between the alveoli and the capillary. |
| Adults have __of blood | 49000 L (4.9) of bloof for a 70kg adult |
| Vasoconstriction increases SVR | , increased SVR increases BP |
| SVR stand for? | Systemic vanticular resistance |
| Vasodilation decreasesSVR | decreased SVR decreases BP |
| Regulation of BP by chemoreceptors. (3) | A decrease in blood oxygen level stimulate the sympathies nervous system. Heart rate increases and blood vessels constrict. Hypoxia can present with pale, cool skin, and increase heart rate. |
| Frontal (Coronal) Plane | Divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts |
| Sagittal Plane | Divides the body into left and right parts |
| Transverse (Horizontal or Axial) Plane | Divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts |
| What body quadrant is the appendix in? | RLQ |
| What body quadrant is the spleen located? | LUQ |
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