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FF1 CH04 Key Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Bowstring Truss | Lightweight truss design noted by the bow shape, or curve, of the top chord. |
| Cast-in-Place Concrete | Common type of concrete construction. Refers to concrete that is poured into forms as a liquid and assumes the shape of the form in the position and location it will be used. |
| Cockloft | Concealed space between the top floor and the roof of a structure. |
| Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) | Construction method using large, prefabricated solid panels made of kiln-dried boards stacked in alternating directions, bonded with structural adhesives, and pressed into solid, straight panels. |
| Dead Load | Weight of the structure, structural members, building components, and any other features permanently attached to the building that are constant and immobile. |
| Eave | The edge of a pitched roof that overhangs an outside wall. Attic vents in typical eaves provide an avenue for an exterior fire to enter the attic. |
| Factory-Built Home | Structure that is partially or completely built in a factory and shipped to the location on which it is to be installed. |
| Fiberglass | Composite material consisting of glass fibers embedded in resin. |
| Fire Door | Specially constructed, tested, and approved fire-rated door assembly designed and installed to prevent fire spread by automatically closing and covering a doorway in a fire wall to block the spread of fire through the door opening. |
| Fire Stop | Solid materials like wood blocks used to limit vertical and horizontal fire spread in hollow walls, floors, above ceilings, around plumbing or electrical penetrations, and in fire-rated assemblies, cocklofts, or crawl spaces. |
| Fire Wall | Fire-rated wall made of fire-resistive materials, typically extending from foundation through the roof. Designed to limit fire spread within a structure or between adjacent structures. |
| Fire-Resistance Rating | Rating assigned to a material or assembly after standardized testing by an independent testing organization; identifies the amount of time a material or assembly will resist a typical fire, as measured on a standard time-temperature curve. |
| Glue-Laminated Beam | Wooden structural member composed of many relatively short pieces of lumber glued and laminated together under pressure to form a long, extremely strong beam. |
| Gusset Plates | Metal or wooden plates used to connect and strengthen the joints of two or more separate components (such as metal or wooden truss components or roof or floor components) into a load-bearing unit. |
| Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) | Mechanical system used to provide environmental control within a structure, and the equipment necessary to make it function; usually a single, integrated unit with a complex system of ducts throughout the building. |
| Hollow-Core Door | Lightweight door with wood, plastic, or fiberboard interior spacers separating the face panels rather than solid material. |
| Hybrid Modular Structure | Structure consisting of the elements of both modular design and panelized construction. Core modular units are assembled first, and panels are added to complete the structure. |
| Joists | Horizontal structural members used to support a ceiling or floor. Drywall materials are nailed or screwed to the ceiling joists, and the subfloor is nailed or screwed to the floor joists. |
| Lightweight Steel Truss | Structural support made from a long steel bar that is bent at a 90-degree angle with flat or angular pieces welded to the top and bottom. |
| Load-Bearing Wall | Wall of a building that by design carries at least some part of the structural load of the building in the direction of the ground or base. |
| Manufactured Home | Dwelling made from four main parts: chassis, floor, wall, and roof systems. Though built with materials like steel, wood, and gypsum board, it is primarily frame construction. |
| Masonry | Bricks, blocks, stones, and unreinforced and reinforced concrete products. |
| Means of Egress | Pathway to an exit or public way that includes the exit access, exit, and exit discharge. |
| Modular Home | Structure assembled at the factory in two or more all-inclusive sections. All utilities and millwork are also installed at the factory and connected when the structure is delivered to a site. |
| Nonload-Bearing Wall | Wall, usually interior, that supports only its own weight. These walls can be breached or removed without compromising the structural integrity of the building. Also known as Nonbearing Wall. |
| Open Web Joist | Joist with a web composed of materials that do not fill the entire web space. Examples include steel bars or tubes. |
| Oriented Strand Board (OSB) | A wooden structural panel formed by gluing and compressing wood strands together under pressure. This material has replaced plywood and planking in the majority of construction applications. Roof decks, walls, and subfloors are all commonly made of OSB. |
| Panelized Home | Home assembled on-site consisting of constructed panels made of foam insulation sandwiched between sheets of plywood. The panels are assembled on-site and require no framing members. |
| Parallel Chord Truss | A truss constructed with the top and bottom chords parallel. These trusses are used as floor joists in multistory buildings and as ceiling joists in buildings with flat roofs. |
| Parapet | Portion of the exterior walls of a building that extends above the roof. A low wall at the edge of a roof. |
| Party Wall | Dividing wall that stands between two adjoining buildings or units, often on the property line, and is common to both buildings. A party wall is almost always a load-bearing wall and usually serves as a fire wall. |
| Photovoltaic (PV) System | An arrangement of components that conveys electrical power to an energy system by converting solar energy into direct current (DC) electricity. |
| Photovoltaic Roof | Roof that features a solar panel array that is designed to provide electricity to the structure. Existing roofs may have the panels retrofitted. Some roofs are built with the solar panels integrated into the roof surface itself. |
| Precast Concrete | Method of building construction where the concrete building member is poured and set according to specification in a controlled environment and is then shipped to the construction site for use. |
| Protected Stair | Stair with code-required, fire-rated enclosure construction; intended to protect occupants as they make their way through the stair enclosure. |
| Protected Steel | Steel structural members that are covered with either spray-on fire proofing (an insulating barrier) or fully encased in a UL Solutions-tested and approved system. |
| Purlin | Horizontal member between trusses that support the roof. |
| Rafter | Inclined beam that supports a roof, runs parallel to the slope of the roof, and to which the roof decking is attached. |
| Rain or Snow Roof | Inclined beam that supports a roof, runs parallel to the slope of the roof, and to which the roof decking is attached. |
| Reinforced Concrete | Concrete that is internally fortified with steel reinforcement bars or mesh placed within the concrete before it hardens. Reinforcement allows the concrete to resist tensile forces. |
| Ridge | The horizontal line at the junction of the top edges of two sloping roof surfaces. |
| Solid-Core Door | Door whose entire core is filled with solid material. |
| Stud | An upright post in the framework of a wall for supporting sheets of lath and plaster, wallboard, or similar material. |
| Tilt-Up Construction | Type of construction in which concrete wall sections (slabs) are cast on the concrete floor of the building, then tilted up into the vertical position. Also known as Tilt-Slab Construction. |
| Truss | Structural member used to form a roof or floor framework; trusses form triangles or combinations of triangles to provide maximum load-bearing capacity with a minimum amount of material. |
| Type I Construction | Construction type in which structural members, including walls, columns, beams, floors, and roofs, are made of noncombustible or limited-combustible materials and have a specified degree of fire resistance. |
| Type II Construction | Construction type that is similar to Type I except that the degree of fire resistance is lower. |
| Type III Construction | Construction type with noncombustible or limited-combustible exterior walls, but interior structural members (walls, columns, beams, floors, roofs) are fully or partially made of wood. |
| Type IV Construction | Heavy timber construction with noncombustible or limited-combustible interior and exterior walls. Interior framing uses heavy timber with larger minimum dimensions than those in Type III construction. |
| Type V Construction | Construction type in which exterior walls, bearing walls, floors, roofs, and supports are made completely or partially of wood or other approved materials of smaller dimensions than those used in Type IV construction. |
Created by:
cvis