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Ashakea Mitchell

Physiology weeks 1-7

TermDefinition
Central Nervous System (CNS) Made up of the brain and spinal cord; controls most functions of the body and mind.
Neurotransmitter A chemical messenger that transmits signals across a synapse from one neuron to another.
Ligand-Gated Ion Channel A protein in the cell membrane that opens to allow ions to pass when a specific chemical (ligand) binds to it.
Sodium-Potassium Pump A protein that helps maintain the resting potential by moving sodium out of the cell and potassium in.
Axon Terminal The endpoint of a neuron where neurotransmitters are stored and released into the synapse.
Action Potential An electrical impulse that travels down a neuron, allowing communication within the nervous system.
Myelin Sheath A fatty layer covering the axon of some neurons, which speeds up signal transmission.
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Includes all nerves outside the brain and spinal cord; connects the CNS to limbs and organs.
Depolarization The phase during an action potential when sodium ions rush into the cell, making the inside more positive.
Synapse The space between two neurons where neurotransmitters are released to carry a signal.
Acetylcholine A neurotransmitter involved in muscle activation, memory, and learning.
Resting Membrane Potential The electrical charge across the cell membrane when a neuron is not firing; typically around -70mV.
Motor Neuron Sends signals from the central nervous system to muscles or glands to create a response.
Hyperpolarization When the membrane potential becomes more negative than the resting potential, making it harder for a neuron to fire.
Created by: Ashakea112
 

 



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