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Ashakea Mitchell
Physiology weeks 1-7
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Central Nervous System (CNS) | Made up of the brain and spinal cord; controls most functions of the body and mind. |
| Neurotransmitter | A chemical messenger that transmits signals across a synapse from one neuron to another. |
| Ligand-Gated Ion Channel | A protein in the cell membrane that opens to allow ions to pass when a specific chemical (ligand) binds to it. |
| Sodium-Potassium Pump | A protein that helps maintain the resting potential by moving sodium out of the cell and potassium in. |
| Axon Terminal | The endpoint of a neuron where neurotransmitters are stored and released into the synapse. |
| Action Potential | An electrical impulse that travels down a neuron, allowing communication within the nervous system. |
| Myelin Sheath | A fatty layer covering the axon of some neurons, which speeds up signal transmission. |
| Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) | Includes all nerves outside the brain and spinal cord; connects the CNS to limbs and organs. |
| Depolarization | The phase during an action potential when sodium ions rush into the cell, making the inside more positive. |
| Synapse | The space between two neurons where neurotransmitters are released to carry a signal. |
| Acetylcholine | A neurotransmitter involved in muscle activation, memory, and learning. |
| Resting Membrane Potential | The electrical charge across the cell membrane when a neuron is not firing; typically around -70mV. |
| Motor Neuron | Sends signals from the central nervous system to muscles or glands to create a response. |
| Hyperpolarization | When the membrane potential becomes more negative than the resting potential, making it harder for a neuron to fire. |