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SPELLING COMM
| Question | Answer | Example |
|---|---|---|
| abandon | stop to support or look after (someone); desert. | her natural mother had abandoned her at an early age" |
| absence | the state of being away from a place or person. | "the letter had arrived during his absence" |
| accomplishment | something that has been achieved successfully | "the reduction of inflation was a remarkable accomplishment" |
| adaptation | the action or process of adapting or being adapted. | "the adaptation of teaching strategy to meet students' needs" |
| adolescent | transitional phase of growth and development between childhood and adulthood. | many parents find it hard to understand their adolescent children" |
| advantage | a condition or circumstance that puts one in a favorable or superior position. | "companies with a computerized database are at an advantage" |
| agriculture | the science or practice of farming, including cultivation of the soil for the growing of crops and the rearing of animals to provide food, wool, and other products. | "fungicide resistance is a serious problem facing modern agriculture" |
| ambition | a strong desire to do or to achieve something, typically requiring determination and hard work. | "her ambition was to become a pilot" |
| announcement | a public and typically formal statement about a fact, occurrence, or intention. | the spokesperson was about to make an announcement |
| archaelogy | he study of human history and prehistory through the excavation of sites and the analysis of artifacts and other physical remains. | "it is very rare in archaeology to work on organic materials" |
| bankruptcy | he state of being bankrupt. | many companies were facing bankruptcy" |
| bargain | an agreement between two or more parties as to what each party will do for the other. | "the extraconstitutional bargain between the northern elite and the southern planters" |
| biography | a usually written history of a person's life. a new biography of Abraham Lincoln. | "the basic difference of approach to autobiography and biography" |
| boundary | a line that marks the limits of an area; a dividing line. | "the eastern boundary of the wilderness" |
| bravery | courageous behavior or character. | "perhaps I'll get a medal for bravery" |
| breeze | a gentle wind. | tantalizing cooking smells wafted on the evening breeze" |
| broadcast | transmit (a program or some information) by radio or television | the announcement was broadcast live" |
| brochure | a small book or magazine containing pictures and information about a product or service. | “A holiday brochure" |
| budget | an estimate of income and expenditure for a set period of time. | keep within the household budget" |
| bulletin | a short official statement or broadcast summary of news. | the statistics provided through the daily health bulletin issued by the government" |
| capability | the power or ability to do something. | he had an intuitive capability of bringing the best out in people" |
| cathedral | the principal church of a diocese, with which the bishop is officially associated. | St. Paul's Cathedral" |
| ceremony | a formal religious or public occasion, typically one celebrating a particular event or anniversary. | the winners were presented with their prizes at a special ceremony |
| challenge | a call to take part in a contest or competition, especially a duel. | he accepted the challenge" |
| chronicle | A factual written account of important or historical events in the order they happen | a vast chronicle of Spanish history" |
| circumstance | a fact or condition connected with or relevant to an event or action. | we wanted to marry but circumstances didn't permit" |
| civilization | the stage of human social and cultural development and organization that is considered most advanced. | they equated the railroad with progress and civilization" |
| citizenship | the position or status of being a citizen of a particular country. | the refugees could be granted dual citizenship" |
| committee | a group of people appointed for a specific function, typically consisting of members of a larger group. | the housing committee" |
| conscience | an inner feeling or voice viewed as acting as a guide to the rightness or wrongness of one's behavior. | he had a guilty conscience about his desires" |
| daring | of a person or action) adventurous or audaciously bold. | a daring crime" |
| debris | pieces of waste or remains. | the bomb hits it, showering debris from all sides" |
| deception | the action of deceiving someone. | obtaining property by deception" |
| dedication | the quality of being dedicated or committed to a task or purpose. | his dedication to his duties helped him be successful |
| democracy | system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives. | capitalism and democracy are ascendant in the third world" |
| dilemma | a situation in which a difficult choice has to be made between two or more alternatives, especially equally undesirable ones. | the people often face the dilemma of feeding themselves or their cattle" |
| discipline | the practice of training people to obey rules or a code of behavior, using punishment to correct disobedience. | a lack of proper parental and school discipline" |
| drought | prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall, leading to a shortage of water. | the cause of Europe's recent droughts" |
| dwelling | a house, apartment, or other place of residence. | the proposed dwelling is out of keeping with those nearby" |
| dynamic | of a process or system) characterized by constant change, activity, or progress. | The USA has a dynamic economy |
| earth | the planet on which we live; the world. | the diversity of life on earth" |
| easy | achieved without great effort; presenting few difficulties | an easy way of retrieving information" |
| education | the process of receiving or giving systematic instruction, especially at a school or university. | “We need a new system of public education" |
| elephant | a heavy plant-eating mammal with a prehensile trunk, long curved ivory tusks, and large ears, native to Africa and southern Asia. It is the largest living land animal. | Measures must be taken to protect the world's depleted elephant population. |
| energy | the ability to do work | We need energy to do things |
| enjoy | take delight or pleasure in (an activity or occasion). | Joe enjoys reading Icelandic family sagas" |
| enough | as much or as many as required. | there's too much work and not enough people to do it" |
| environment | the surroundings or conditions in which a person, animal, or plant lives or operates. | survival in an often hostile environment" |
| escape | break free from confinement or control. | two burglars have just escaped from prison" |
| exciting | causing great enthusiasm and eagerness. | an exciting breakthrough" |
| face | the front part of a person's head from the forehead to the chin, or the corresponding part in an animal. | he turned to face her" |
| famous | known about by many people. | the country is famous for its natural beauty" |
| feelings | an emotional state or reaction. | a feeling of joy" |
| farm | an area of land and its buildings used for growing crops and rearing animals, typically under the control of one owner or manager. | a farm of 100 acres" |
| fast | 1. moving or capable of moving at high speed. | a fast and powerful car" |
| forest | a large area covered chiefly with trees and undergrowth. | a pine forest" |
| generous | of a person) showing a readiness to give more of something, as money or time, than is strictly necessary or expected. | she was generous with her money" |
| geography | the study of the physical features of the earth and its atmosphere, and of human activity as it affects and is affected by these, including the distribution of populations and resources, land use, and industries. | knowing the geography and topology of the battlefield |
| gift | a thing given willingly to someone without payment; a present. | "I was given a Christmas gift last December" |
| golden | a yellow precious metal, the chemical element of atomic number 79, used especially in jewelry and decoration and to guarantee the value of currencies. | her eyes were light green and flecked with gold" |
| grandparent | a parent of one's father or mother; a grandmother or grandfather. | it must be a great blessing to have Chloe's grandparents living nearby" |
| grow | of a living thing) undergo natural development by increasing in size and changing physically; progress to maturity. | he would watch Nick grow to manhood" |
| imagine | form a mental image or concept of. | I couldn't imagine what she expected to tell them" |
| immediately | at once; instantly. | I called immediately for an ambulance" |
| important | of great significance or value; likely to have a profound effect on success, survival, or well-being. | important habitats for wildlife |
| improvement | an example or instance of improving or being improved. | an improvement in East–West relations" |
| independent | free from outside control; not depending on another's authority. | Canada's largest independent investment firm" |
| industry | economic activity concerned with the processing of raw materials and manufacture of goods in factories. | the competitiveness of American industry" |
| influence | the capacity to have an effect on the character, development, or behavior of someone or something, or the effect itself. | the influence of television violence" |
| informative | providing useful or interesting information. | a thought-provoking, informative article" |
| injure | do physical harm or damage to (someone) | the explosion injured several people" |
| interest | the state of wanting to know or learn about something or someone. | she looked about her with interest" |
| jacket | an outer garment extending either to the waist or the hips, typically having sleeves and a fastening down the front. | she chose to wear a blue jacket with white stripes" |
| jealous | feeling or showing envy of someone or their achievements and advantages | he grew jealous of her success" |
| journey | an act of traveling from one place to another. | she went on a long journey" |
| judge | form an opinion or conclusion about. | "it is hard to judge whether such opposition is justified" |
| justice | just behavior or treatment. | a concern for justice, peace, and genuine respect for people" |
| justify | show or prove to be right or reasonable. | "the person appointed has fully justified our confidence" |
| juggle | continuously toss into the air and catch (a number of objects) so as to keep at least one in the air while handling the others, typically for the entertainment of others. | "Charles juggled five tangerines, his hands a frantic blur" |
| keen | (of a sense) highly developed. | "I have keen eyesight" |
| kindness | the quality of being friendly, generous, and considerate. | "he thanked them for their kindness and support" |
| kingdom | a country, state, or territory ruled by a king or queen. | "the Kingdom of the Netherlands" |
| knowledge | facts, information, and skills acquired by a person through experience or education; the theoretical or practical understanding of a subject. | "the program had been developed without his knowledge" |
| kneel | be in or assume a position in which the body is supported by a knee or the knees, as when praying or showing submission. | "they knelt down and prayed" |
| knock | strike a surface noisily to attract attention, especially when waiting to be let in through a door | "I knocked on the kitchen door" |
| krill | a small shrimplike planktonic crustacean of the open seas. It is eaten by a number of larger animals, notably the baleen whales. | Echo sounders can use sonar to gauge the size of krill swarms. |
| keyhole | a hole in a lock into which the key is inserted. | "clever keyholes reveal pieces of midriff" |
| kickoff | the start or resumption of a football game, in which a player kicks the ball from the center of the field. | "three minutes before kickoff" |
| landscape | all the visible features of an area of countryside or land, often considered in terms of their aesthetic appeal. | "a bleak urban landscape" |
| laughter | the action or sound of laughing. | "he roared with laughter" |
| launch | set (a boat) in motion by pushing it or allowing it to roll into the water. | "the town's lifeboat was launched to rescue the fishermen" |
| league | a collection of people, countries, or groups that combine for a particular purpose, typically mutual protection or cooperation. | "the League of Nations" |
| leisure | free time. | "people with too much enforced leisure" |
| lengthen | make or become longer. | "It is in the spring when the days are lengthening" |
| lively | full of life and energy; active and outgoing. | full of life and energy; active and outgoing. |
| loyalty | the quality of being loyal. | "her loyalty to her husband was of 34 years" |
| magnitude | the great size or extent of something. | the great size or extent of something. |
| melancholy | a feeling of pensive sadness, typically with no obvious cause. | "an air of melancholy surrounded him" |
| migrate | (of an animal, typically a bird or fish) move from one region or habitat to another according to the seasons. | as autumn arrives, the birds migrate south" |
| notorious | famous or well known, typically for some bad quality or deed. | "Los Angeles is notorious for its smog" |
| nostalgic | characterized by or exhibiting feelings of nostalgia. | "he remained nostalgic about the good old days" |
| nebulous | in the form of a cloud or haze; hazy. | "a giant nebulous glow" |
| nomadic | iving the life of a nomad; wandering. | "In the past, there used to be nomadic herdsmen" |
| obsolete | no longer produced or used; out of date. | "the disposal of old and obsolete machinery" |
| opulent | rich and luxurious | "I would like to experience the opulent comfort of a limousine" |
| outrageous | shockingly bad or excessive. | "Assaulting that old lady was an outrageous act of bribery" |
| perseverance | persistence in doing something despite difficulty or delay in achieving success. | persistence in doing something despite difficulty or delay in achieving success. |
| prodigy | a person, especially a young one, endowed with exceptional qualities or abilities. | "I met a Russian pianist who was a child prodigy in his day" |
| pragmatic | dealing with things sensibly and realistically in a way that is based on practical rather than theoretical considerations. | "We need a pragmatic approach to business ethics" |
| pseudonym | a fictitious name, especially one used by an author. | "I wrote under the pseudonym of Evelyn Hervey" |
| quarantine | a state, period, or place of isolation in which people or animals that may have been exposed to infectious disease are placed. | horses entering the country must stay in quarantine longer" |
| quench | satisfy (one's thirst) by drinking. | "firemen hauled on hoses in a desperate bid to quench the flames" |
| labyrinth | a complicated irregular network of passages or paths in which it is difficult to find one's way; | "There is a labyrinth of passages and secret chambers in different books" |
| lacerate | tear or make deep cuts in (flesh or skin). | "the point had lacerated his neck" |
| legacy | an amount of money or property left to someone in a will. | "my grandmother died and unexpectedly left me a small legacy" |
| lethargic | affected by lethargy; sluggish and apathetic. | "I felt tired and a little lethargic" |
| legitimate | conforming to the law or to rules. | "his claims to legitimate authority are hard" |
| luminous | full of or shedding light; bright or shining, especially in the dark. | "the luminous dial on his watch was amazing" |
| lunatic | a mentally ill person (not in technical use). | "At the restaurant, there was a ward of lunatic old ladies" |
| majestic | having or showing impressive beauty or dignity. | watching majestic eagles soar along the Mississippi" |
| malicious | characterized by malice; intending or intended to do harm. | "the transmission of malicious software such as computer viruses is on fashion nowadays." |
| melodious | of, producing, or having a pleasant tune; tuneful. | "I usually listen to the melodious chant of the monks" |
| meditate | think deeply or focus one's mind for a period of time, in silence or with the aid of chanting, for religious or spiritual purposes or as a method of relaxation. | "I set aside time every day to write and meditate" |
| monotonous | dull, tedious, and repetitious; lacking in variety and interest. | "the statistics that he quotes with monotonous regularity" |
| nurture | care for and encourage the growth or development of. | "Jarrett was nurtured by his parents in a close-knit family" |
| obscure | not discovered or known about; uncertain. | "his origins and parentage are obscure" |
| omnipotent | (of a deity) having unlimited power; able to do anything. | "God is described as omnipotent and benevolent" |
| oppressive | hardship and constraint, especially on a minority or other subordinate group. | Fidel Castro had "an oppressive dictatorship" |
| ornamental | serving or intended as an ornament; decorative. | "an ornamental fountain" |
| purpose | the reason for which something is done or created or for which something exists.the reason for which something is done or created or for which something exists. | "the purpose of the meeting is to appoint a trustee" |
| puzzle | cause (someone) to feel confused because they cannot understand or make sense of something. | "one remark he made puzzled me" |
| question | a sentence worded or expressed so as to elicit information. | "we hope this leaflet has been helpful in answering your questions" |
| radiant | sending out light; shining or glowing brightly. | " I saw a bird with radiant green and red plumage" |
| strategy | a plan of action or policy designed to achieve a major or overall aim. | "time to develop a coherent economic strategy" |
| simplicity | the quality or condition of being easy to understand or do. | "for the sake of simplicity, this chapter will concentrate on one theory" |
| transparent | (of a material or article) allowing light to pass through so that objects behind can be distinctly seen. | "Here in Cancun we have transparent blue water" |
| transform | make a thorough or dramatic change in the form, appearance, or character of. | "lasers have transformed cardiac surgery" |
| unify | make or become united, uniform, or whole. | "the new chief executive said he hoped to unify the company" |
| unique | being the only one of its kind; unlike anything else. | this discovery was unique in history" |
| urgency | importance requiring swift action. | the discovery of the ozone hole gave urgency to the issue of CFCs" |
| utilize | make practical and effective use of. | "vitamin C helps your body utilize the iron present in your diet" |
| validate | check or prove the validity or accuracy of (something). | "these estimates have been validated by periodic surveys" |
| vibrant | full of energy and enthusiasm. | “New York is a vibrant cosmopolitan city" |
| obstinate | to change one's opinion or chosen course of action, despite attempts to persuade one to do so. to change one's opinion or chosen course of action, despite attempts to persuade one to do so. | to change one's opinion or chosen course of action, despite attempts to persuade one to do so. "her obstinate determination to pursue a career in radio" |
| venture | a risky or daring journey or undertaking. | pioneering ventures into little-known waters" |
| versatile | able to change easily from one activity to another or able to be used for many different purposes | He's a very versatile young actor who's as happy in highbrow dramas as he is in TV comedies. |
| warp | If wood warps, or if water or heat warps it, it becomes damaged by bending or twisting | After being left in the damp garage, the wooden frame had warped. |
| wisdom | the ability to use your knowledge and experience to make good decisions and judgments | I certainly hope to gain a little wisdom as I grow older |
| wonder | Aileen does most of the work around the house. | He's starting to wonder whether he did the right thing in accepting this job. |
| work | an activity, such as a job, that a person uses physical or mental effort to do, usually for money | Aileen does most of the work around the house. |
| xenon | a chemical element that is a gas with no colour or smell. Xenon does not react with other elements and is used in some types of light bulb. | it becomes then a fast pusher for the xenon. |
| Xerox | a brand name for a copy of a document or other piece of paper with writing or printing on it, made by a machine that uses a photographic process, or the machine or process itself | a Xerox of the letter |
| xylophone | a musical instrument consisting of flat wooden bars of different lengths that are hit with sticks | However, sometimes children dabbed at the xylophone with smaller, quicker, more jerky and less regular movements. |
| yield | to supply or produce something positive such as a profit, an amount of food or information | The investigation yielded some unexpected results. |
| youthful | having the qualities that are typical of young people | At the time I admired his youthful enthusiasm. |
| zebra | n African wild horse with black-and-white stripes and an erect mane. | There are lots of zebras in Africa |
| zenith | he highest point reached by a heavenly body (= any object existing in space, especially a planet, or the sun) as it travels around, or appears to travel around, another body: | The summer sun was at its zenith in a cloudless sky. |
| zephyr | a light wind | Zephyr - means cool breeze, and lasts three days. |
| zest | enthusiasm, eagerness, energy, and interest | It's wonderful to see the children's zest for life. |
| zillion | a very large indefinite number | an extremely large number of people or things. |
| zone | an area or stretch of land having a particular characteristic, purpose, or use or subject to particular restrictions. , | "a pedestrian zone" |
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ZUZZY