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Omar Cobb
Physio week 1 - 6
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Homeostasis | The process by which a living organism or system maintains a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions. |
| Example of Homeostasis | Homeostasis keeps body temperature around 98.6°F (37°C) and blood sugar levels within a healthy range. This is achieved through feedback mechanisms that detect changes and trigger appropriate responses to restore balance. |
| Effectors | Organs, tissues, or cells that respond to signals from the control center by carrying out actions to restore or maintain homeostasis in the body. |
| Example of Effectors | Muscles can act as effectors by contracting to generate heat when you’re cold. Glands can act as effectors by secreting hormones or sweat to regulate processes like temperature or blood sugar levels. |
| DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) | A molecule that carries the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning, and reproduction of all living organisms and many viruses. DNA stores hereditary information and is made up of two strands forming a double helix. |
| RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) | A molecule involved in various roles related to the expression of genetic information. RNA typically acts as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA for controlling the synthesis of proteins. Unlike DNA, RNA is usually single-stranded. |
| Lipid | A biological molecule that is mostly nonpolar and hydrophobic, meaning it does not dissolve well in water, and is primarily made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. |
| Example of Lipid | Fats, Steroids, Cholesterol, and Waxes. |
| Red Blood Cells | Responsible for transporting oxygen from the lungs to the body’s tissues and carrying carbon dioxide back to the lungs for exhalation. They contain a protein called hemoglobin, which binds to oxygen and gives blood its red color. |
| White Blood Cells | They help defend the body against infections, diseases, and foreign substances. There are several types of white blood cells, each with specific functions in protecting the body. |
| Red Blood Cells example functions | Carry oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. Transport carbon dioxide from the body back to the lungs to be exhaled. |
| White Blood Cells example functions | Part of the immune system — help fight infections, viruses, bacteria, and foreign invaders. |
| Mitosis | The process by which a single cell divides to produce two identical daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the original cell. |
| Meiosis | Meiosis is a type of cell division that produces four daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes of the original cell. These cells become sex cells (also called gametes) — sperm in males and eggs in females. |
| The human skin has three main layers | Epidermis (Outer layer), Dermis (Middle layer), and Hypodermis (Also called subcutaneous layer) |
| Bone Marrow | Soft, spongy tissue found inside certain bones. It is responsible for producing blood cells and storing fat. |
| Types of bone marrow | Red & yellow which produces red blood cells and stores energy as fat. |
| Hypertrophy | Hypertrophy is the increase in the size of a tissue or organ due to the enlargement of its individual cells (Not because more cells are made, but because existing cells grow larger). |
| Example of Hypertrophy | Exercise or strength training. |
| Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) | It is the main energy-carrying molecule in all living cells. |
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Ocobb