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Adv MS Chapter 36
Musculoskeletal Disorders
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A potential cause of low back pain that is the result of compression of the bundle of nerves that arise from the lower portion of the spinal cord. | Cauda Equina Syndrome |
| May be used to demonstrate a fracture, dislocation, osteoarthritis and scoliosis | X ray of the spine |
| May diagnose infections, tumors and bone marrow abnormalities | Bone Scan |
| Is Useful in identifying underlying problems, such as obscure soft tissue lesions adjacent to the vertebral column and problems of vertebral discs. | Computed tomography |
| permits visualization of the nature of spinal pathology | Magnetic resonance scan |
| used to evaluate spinal root nerve disorders (radiculopathies) | Electromyogram and nerve conduction studies |
| permits visualization of segments of the spinal cord that may have herniated or may be compressed ( indicated when an MRI is contraindicated). | Myelogram |
| useful in detecting tears in ligaments, muscles tendons and soft tissues in the back | Ultrasound |
| Pain that is reduced by 30% from baseline | The goal for treatment of chronic back pain |
| On examination the nurse palpates these for tenderness or spasms | The paraspinal muscles |
| This is evaluated by assessing deep tendon reflexes, sensation and muscle strength | Nerve involvement |
| This position should be avoided because it accentuates lordosis | Prone position |
| These are essential to avoid recurrence of back pain | Good body mechanics and posture |
| These conditions are related to inflammation. Commonly occur in the shoulder | Bursitis and Tendonitis |
| Fluid filled sacs that prevent friction between joint structures during joint activity | Bursae |
| These therapies are touted to accelerate tendon healing. Can also be useful in soft tissue injuries ( injected but is not intravenously administered. | Stem cell therapy |
| These occur in the joint space as a result of articular cartilage wear and bone erosion | Loose Bodies (joint Mice) |
| A general term that describes impaired movement of the rotator cuff of the shoulder. Can occur as the result of repetitive movement overhead of the arm or from acute trauma that eventually results in inflammation of the rotator cuff tendons | Impingement syndrome |
| An entrapment neuropathy that occurs when the median nerve at the wrist is compressed.by a thickened flexor tendon, skeletal encroachment . edema or soft tissue mass | Carpal tunnel syndrome |
| a collection of neurological gelatinous material near the tendon sheath s and joints that appears firm round cystic swelling , usually on the dorsum of the wrist | Ganglion |
| A slowly progressive contracture of the palmar fascia that causes flexion of the 3rd, 4th or 5th and sometimes the middle finger that renders renderering the fingers more or less useless | Duputetren Disease |
| a thickened area of the skin that has been exposed to persistent friction Faulty foot mechanics precede the formation of this. | Callus |
| An area of hyperkeratosisor produced by internal pressure or external pressure | Corn |
| a flexion deformity of the interphalangeal joint which may involve several toes | Hammer toe |
| ingrown toe nail ; a condition in which the free edge of the nail plate penetrates the surrounding skin. There is a danger of a secondary infection | Onychocrytosis |
| Clawfoot: refers to a foot with an abnormally high arch and a fixed equines deformity of the forefoot | Pes Cavus |
| Bunyon : a deformity in which the great toe deviates laterally. There is also a marked of the medial aspect of the first metatarsophalangeal joint. | Hallux Valgus |
| swelling near the third lateral branch of the median nerve . Can have throbbing, burning pain that is often relieved with massage i and rest | Mortons neuroma |
| --a common disorder in which the longitudinal arch of the foot is diminished | Pes planus |
| an inflammation of the foot supporting fascia. It presents as an acute onset of heel pain experienced with the first steps of the morning. | Plantar Fascitis |
| the immobility associated with lower extremity surgery increased the risk of this condition | venous thromboembolism |
| this is a non inflammatory degenerative disorder of the joints. It is limited to the affected joints There is breakdown of the articular cartilage breaks down , leading to progressive damage of the underlying bone and eventual formation of osteophytes. | Osteoarthritis |
| the injection of gel like substances into the joint to supplement the viscous properties of synovial fluid. | Viscosupplementation |
| refers to the surgical removal of an unhealthy joint and replacement of the joint surfaces with metal or synthetic materials | arthroplasty |
| this condition is caused by disruption of the blood supply to the joint (as with a fracture which leads to tissue death | avascular necrosis |
| The most prevalent bone disease in the world resulting in more than 1.5 million fractures is characterized by loss of bone mass and bone matrix destruction | Osteoporosis |
| a metabolic bone disease characterized by inadequate mineralization of the bone . This causes softening and weakening of the skeleton causing pain , tenderness to touch, bowing of the bones and pathological fractures | Osteomalacia |
| a disorder of localized rapid bone turnover most commonly affecting the skull, femur ,tibia , pelvic bones and vertebrae | Paget's Disease of the bone |
| an infection of the bone that results that results in inflammation necrosis | Osteomyelitis |
| an infection of the bones that occurs due to the spread of pathogens from other parts of the body | Septic Arthritis |
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