If a patient has a seizure while you are performing an ECG, you should:

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EKG Final

Question	Answer
The first electrocardiograph was invented by:	Willem Einthoven.
The time from the beginning of atrial depolarization to the beginning of ventricular depolarization is shown on the ECG waveform as the	PR interval.
Which of the following serves as the pacemaker in a normal heart?	SA node
If a patient has a seizure while you are performing an ECG, you should:	protect the patient from injury.
Which sinus rhythm has a rate of more than 100 beats per minute?	Sinus tachycardia
Blood returns to the heart via the veins. The largest vein is the:	vena cava.
A condition in which the patient loses consciousness or faints is known as	syncope.
A "stat" ECG is done	immediately.
The ECG graph paper represents time horizontally and voltage vertically. What time and voltage are represented by one large box?	0.20 second and 0.5 mV
An ECG monitor technician's main responsibility is to:	view the ECG tracings and alert the health care professional of an abnormal heart rhythm.
What does the electrocardiogram or ECG detect?	The electrical activity of the heart
What does the term "Code Blue" mean when used in a hospital setting?	A patient is unresponsive and needs immediate assistance.
The outermost layer of the heart is the:	epicardium.
The term tachycardia means:	fast heart rate.
The tricuspid and mitral (bicuspid) valves are known as _____ because they separate the atria from the ventricles.	atrioventricular (AV) valves
The PR interval is measured from the:	beginning of the P wave to the beginning of the QRS complex
For the proper placement of V3, you must have placed which other two leads on the patient's chest?	V2 and V4
The ECG waveform is indicative of:	how the heart is functioning electrically.
The abbreviation for myocardial infarction, also known as a heart attack, is:	MI.
The most commonly used paper speed on the ECG machine is	25 mm/sec.
You have performed an ECG on a patient, resulting in the following ECG tracing. How would you classify the patient’s rhythm?	Normal sinus rhythm
A condition in which no rhythm or electrical current travels through the cardiac conduction system is known as:	asystole.
Sinus bradycardia has almost the same criteria as normal sinus rhythm; the only difference is that the:	heart rate is slower.
Which of these tests is least likely done in a doctor's office?	Cardiac catheterization
Ethics are:	standards of behavior and concepts of right and wrong.
What symptom do patients with sinus tachycardia often complain of?	Palpitations
Continuous ECG monitoring done in a hospital setting with a small transmitter box is known as	telemetry monitoring.
Computerized interpretation of the ECG tracing:	must be validated by a physician.
The phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart is expanding and refilling, also known as the relaxation phase, is:	diastole.
Which heart rate method is the most accurate with regular rhythms?	1500 method
What is the number one cause of death in the United States?	Cardiovascular disease
Which rib is located next to the angle of Louis?	Second rib
Procedures that are used with all patients to prevent the spread of infection are:	standard precautions.
Lack of blood supply to an area of tissue due to a blockage in the circulation to that area is known as:	ischemia.
What is the rate of a normal sinus rhythm?	60 to 100 bpm
The heart is divided into four chambers. The top chambers are the:	right atrium and left atrium.
What must you always check prior to performing any procedure on a patient?	The patient’s name and identification number
Use the R-R method to estimate the heart rate.	43 bpm
Slander and libel are:	both illegal and unethical.
The Einthoven triangle is formed by the following three limb leads:	right arm, left arm, left leg.
Which of the following is not a type of lead used in a 12-lead ECG?	Abdomen
What is recorded on the ECG strip?	The electrical activity of the heart
The heart is divided into four chambers. The bottom chambers are the:	right ventricle and left ventricle.
Which of the following conditions may result in sinus exit block?	Acute myocardial infarction
The first thing that is needed to perform an ECG is:	a physician order for the test.
An electrocardiograph is a(n):	instrument used to record a tracing of the heart's electrical activity.
Using the 1500 method, calculate the heart rate.	40 bpm
Which anatomical landmark starts in the middle of the axilla and runs down the side of the chest?	Midaxillary line
Slander is an illegal and unethical act and is defined as:	making derogatory remarks about someone.
Which of these tasks does not necessarily need to be done before operating the ECG machine?	Enter the correct ICD-10 code.
What does a pathologic Q wave indicate?	Tissue death
Which of the following are indicators of myocardial injury?	ST segment elevation and T wave inversion
What is the normal, inherent rate of the AV node?	40 to 60 bpm
Which leads view the septal wall?	V1 and V2
What is the term for an abnormal thickening of the ventricular wall due to chronic pressure overload that is often caused by hypertension?	Hypertrophy
Which leads view the inferior wall of the left ventricle?	II, III, and aVF
What is the term for a reduction or interruption in blood flow and oxygen to the myocardium that occurs for a short period of time?	Myocardial ischemia
When determining the electrical axis, which portion of the ECG tracing should you focus on?	QRS complex
Which leads are used to determine the presence of axis deviation?	Leads I and aVF
What is the term for a blockage of one or more of the coronary arteries, which then causes a lack of oxygen to the heart and death of the muscle tissue?	Myocardial infarction
If a patient has left ventricular hypertrophy, what type of axis deviation will be seen?	Left
To determine the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy, which leads should you refer to?	V1, V2, V5, and V6
Leads V3 and V4 view which coronary artery and branch?	Left coronary artery, left anterior descending branch
What is the term for a fast, "fluttering" heartbeat sensation felt by a patient?	Palpitation
When totaled, how many millimeters are necessary in V1 or V2 from the isoelectric line to the tip of the deepest QS complex, plus the distance from the isoelectric line to the tip of the tallest R wave in V5 or V6, to suspect left ventricular hypertrophy?	35 mm
What is the underlying rhythm in the ECG tracing shown here?	Normal sinus rhythm
What type of heart rate is characteristic of a patient who has junctional escape rhythm?	Slower than normal
What is the difference between accelerated junctional rhythm and junctional tachycardia?	Heart rate
Junctional rhythms occur because the electrical impulse comes from the AV junction instead of the ________.	SA node
A standard 12-lead ECG focuses directly on which portion of the heart?	Left ventricle
You have run a 12-lead ECG on Ms. Reilly, a patient in the cardiac care unit of the hospital where you work. A portion of the V1 tracing is shown here. What cardiac condition would you suspect based on this tracing?	Right bundle branch block
What two characteristics must be present in lead V1 to confirm the presence of bundle branch block?	evidence of P waves and QRS complexes that measure 0.12 second or more
What measurement on the ECG tracing represents how long it takes for the current to travel through the ventricular myocardial tissue?	QRS duration
You observe a wide QRS complex in lead II. Which lead should you check to evaluate the location of the bundle branch block?	Lead V1
To determine whether bundle branch block is present, which lead should be analyzed?	Lead V1
A patient’s dysrhythmia originates from above the ventricles and you notice QRS complexes on the ECG tracing measuring 0.12 second or greater. What could be the cause of this abnormal morphology?	Bundle branch block
What is the condition in which impulses generated in the atria are delayed because of damage in the ventricular electrical pathways?	Bundle branch block
A bundle branch block has which of the following characteristics?	It occurs when the bundle branches fail to conduct impulses.
What rhythm is shown in this ECG tracing?	Sinus bradycardia with bundle branch block
Which of the following tracings is least likely to be representative of a bundle branch block?	C.
Where can right and left bundle branch blocks be differentiated?	In the precordial leads
How is a right bundle branch block (RBBB) distinguished from a left bundle branch block (LBBB)?	Monitor lead V1. If the majority of the ventricular depolarization is positively deflected, it is RBBB; if the QRS is negative, it is LBBB
Bundle branch block rhythm is similar to a sinus rhythm but has what distinguishing characteristic?	QRS duration greater than 0.12 seconds
You are about to perform an ECG on a patient known to have sinus tachycardia with right bundle branch block. Which of the following signs and symptoms would you be likely to find in this patient?	Rapid heart rate
What additional patient information is needed on the ECG tracing when a bundle branch block is discovered?	Patient’s underlying rhythm
What happens when one or both of the ventricular pathways are not functioning properly due to damage or a delay from cardiac disease, drugs, or other conditions?	A bundle branch block occurs
You have run a 12-lead ECG on Mrs. Simmons. In lead V1, you notice that the QRS is positive and has a “bunny ears” appearance. What does Mrs. Simmons most likely have?	Right bundle branch block
In a right bundle branch block (RBBB), how does the QRS appear?	Positively deflected
A bundle branch block must be considered when the QRS complex measures what length?	0.12 seconds or greater
Which lead is referenced to distinguish a right bundle branch block (RBBB) from a left bundle branch block (LBBB)?	V1
Which of the following statements best describes an atrioventricular pacemaker?	It mimics the normal cardiac conduction system and allows the atria to contract completely before the ventricles to allow for an atrial kick.
What minimally invasive procedure is frequently performed to open narrowed or blocked blood vessels?	Angioplasty
What type of pacemaker is used for patients with heart failure?	Atriobiventricular pacemaker
Which of the following memory tools is useful for gathering information regarding pain a patient is experiencing?	OPQRST
Which pacemaker rhythm does not have a pacing spike before P waves?	Ventricular pacemaker rhythm
What type of pacemaker is evident in this ECG tracing?	AV pacemaker
When is an atrial pacemaker used alone?	When the conduction system from the AV node through the ventricles is intact and functioning
Which of the following is not a common cause of left ventricular heart failure?	Right ventricular heart failure
Mr. Jones is on several medications and is scheduled for an exercise electrocardiography test tomorrow. What should you do first to determine if he should take his medications prior to the test?	Check the chart or order.
What is the outermost layer of a blood vessel called?	Tunica adventitia
If the electronic pacemaker is set to 72 bpm and the AV node is firing at 58 bpm, what is the patient’s heart rate?	72 bpm
Which term indicates the mark on an ECG tracing that represents the stimulation of electrical current from the pacemaker generator?	Pacing spike
When is a ventricular pacemaker used alone?	When conduction in the ventricles is not working properly, so the ventricles must be stimulated to contract
Which of the following is not a sign of unstable angina?	Chest pain occurs for shorter periods.
What is the term for an abnormal collection of fluid in the lungs due to left ventricular failure?	Pulmonary edema
The mnemonic O-P-Q-R-S-T helps health care professionals remember the questions to ask when evaluating which of the following?	Pain or discomfort the patient is experiencing
You have performed an ECG on a patient who has a pacemaker. A portion of the ECG tracing is shown here. What type of pacemaker is indicated, and at what rate is the pacemaker set?	Atrial pacemaker set at 71 bpm
Which pacemaker rhythm has a pacing spike before the QRS complexes but no pacing spike before the P waves?	Ventricular pacemaker rhythm
Check and set the artifact filters before running the stress test. These filters:	help reduce signals caused by muscle movements
What is the innermost layer of a blood vessel called?	Tunica intima
Tunica intima:	is the normally very smooth that is, prone to disruption when atherosclerotic plaque is ruptured and peels away the layer, whereby chemicals are released into the bloodstream causing the platelets to stick together and to the site of injury, forming a clo
What is the name of the innermost layer of an artery?	Tunica intima
Which major coronary artery supplies blood to both ventricles?	Left anterior descending
Due to damage to blood vessels, patients with diabetes are _______ as likely as a nondiabetic individual to experience a stroke or heart attack.	twice
According to the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association, the percentage of patients with myocardial infarction that will present with ST segment elevation MI (STEMI) is between:	75 and 80 percent.
Which of the following statements regarding NSTEMI is incorrect?	It instantly presents the "classic" signs and symptoms of MI.
Which of the following are included when referring to acute coronary syndrome?	STEMI, NSTEMI, and unstable angina
What percentage of patients may present with STEMI?	75%–80%
What percentage of patients may present with NSTEMI?	20%–25%
In the event an individual arrives in the emergency room and states he or she has a history of heart failure and is currently taking a diuretic called Lasix, you should ask:	if the individual has been experiencing swelling in his or her legs/ankles.
Right-sided heart failure that develops due to pulmonary disorders is called:	cor pulmonale.
2. A buildup of fluid in the liver due to venous congestion is termed:	hepatomegaly
3. A buildup of fluid due to venous congestion that accumulates in the distal extremities is termed:	peripheral edema
5. A medication that is prescribed to increase the force of the heart's contraction and at the same time slow the heart rate is a/an:	Cardiac glycoside
Patients presenting with the clinical triad of hypotension, jugular venous distention (JVD), and normal breath sounds may be diagnosed with:	right-ventricular failure
An individual who develops venous congestion with hepatomegaly and ascites is considered to have:	right-sided heart failure.
Which test includes injecting a radiopaque dye into a patient to assist with visualizing the heart structures and coronary arteries?	Coronary angiography
Mnemonic devices are commonly used in medicine to _______.	increase efficiency and present a more logical flow to patient care
Nitroglycerin causes blood vessels to ______ and blood pressure to ______.	relax, decrease
Which procedure allows visualization of the coronary arteries and placement of a stent?	Cardiac catheterization
A typical ambulatory monitor:	looks like a cell phone and is strapped around the waist or shoulder.
Which of the following is not a reason for using ambulatory monitoring?	To identify abnormal heart rhythms that the ordinary 12-lead ECG and stress ECG are incapable of tracing
Mr. Jones will be attached to a loop-memory monitor. How long will he have the monitor in place?	For the length of time specified by his physician
Ms. Buckwalter is attached to a real-time telemetry monitor. What does this mean?	She has her ECG tracing being monitored at all times.
Mr. Casler is having an ambulatory (Holter) monitor attached and asks you how long it will remain in place. Your answer would be	24 to 48 hours.
How can you ensure that each electrode is firmly attached?	Run your finger around the edge of each electrode.
What is the last thing you should do before having the patient put on his or her shirt during ambulatory monitoring?	Run a baseline ECG tracing.
What is the first thing you should do after removing a patient's ambulatory monitor?	Document and label the report, diary, and disk.
Which of the following tests is not typically ordered to follow up on results of ambulatory monitoring?	Exercise electrocardiography
"Analyze V1 and V2; measure and select the deeper QRS of the two views; then measure from the isoelectric line down to the tip of the deepest QS complex" represents Step _____ in determining the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy.	1
Which of the following is not true regarding heart attacks for women?	Women produce more fatty cells during their child-bearing years that can put them more at risk of developing cardiac problems in later years.
Which of the following statements regarding NSTEMI is incorrect?	It instantly presents the "classic" signs and symptoms of MI.
The most common reason individuals develop heart failure is due to:	myocardial infarction.
__________ occurs when there is a reduction or interruption in blood flow and oxygen to the myocardium for a short period of time.	Myocardial ischemia
Which of the following statements about pathologic Q wave is correct?	It indicates tissue death and is defined as measuring 0.04 second and/or greater than or equal to one-third the height of the R wave in that lead tracing.
All of the following are possible causes of left axis deviation except:	anterolateral wall MI
"Analyze V5 and V6; measure and select the taller of the two views; and then measure from the isoelectric line up to the tip of the tallest R wave" represents Step _____ in determining the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy.	2
Which major coronary artery and vessel supply the inferior wall of the left ventricle?	Right main and right acute marginal branch
Which major coronary artery and vessel supply the septal wall of the left ventricle?	Left main and septal
Which major coronary artery and vessel supply the lateral wall of the left ventricle?	Left main and circumflex artery
Which major coronary artery and vessel supply the anterior wall of the left ventricle?	Left main and left anterior descending
Signs of myocardial ischemia may include	ST segment depression and T wave inversion.
Signs of myocardial injury may include	ST segment elevation.
Which of the following is the most common sign on a 12-lead ECG that an infarction has occurred?	ST segment elevation.
What two views are referred to when determining electrical axis?	I and aVF
When determining axis deviation, if lead I and lead aVF both have predominantly positive QRS complexes, the patient has	normal axis.
When determining axis deviation, if the QRS complex in lead I is predominantly negative and the QRS in lead aVF is predominantly positive, the patient has	right axis deviation.
When determining axis deviation, if lead I and lead aVF both have predominantly negative QRS complexes, the patient has	extreme right axis deviation.
When determining axis deviation, if the QRS complex in lead I is predominantly positive and the QRS in lead aVF is predominantly negative, the patient has	left axis deviation.

Created by: SHAMCK9388

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