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APUSH 20-22
key terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Fort Sumter | Union fort in South Carolina, bombarded by Confederates that started the civil war |
| Border States | Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, Delaware, West Virginia, a few slave states that did not secede that helped the union with location, resources, population, etc. |
| Trent affair | Union navy captured Confederate envoys on a British ship, narrowly avoiding war with Britain |
| West Virginia | Chose to break from Confederate Virginia to join the Union |
| Alabama ship | British built Confederate warship that attacked the Union's ships |
| Laird Rams | Ironclad warships built for the Confederacy by Britain; Britain decided to keep them to avoid conflict with the Union |
| Dominion of Canada | Britain strengthened Canada due to fears of U.S aggression after the civil war |
| NY Draft RIots | Protests against the union trying to draft new members to fight, mostly from immigrants who didn't want to fight |
| Morrill Tariff Act | Increased import taxes to protect northern industries and fund the warfare |
| Greenbacks | currency from the union that caused inflation but helped financial status |
| National Banking System | created a unified national currency with stable banking, used for Union war financing |
| Homestead Act | Gave 160 acres of land to settlers to boost westward expansion |
| U.S. Sanitary Commission | Organized proper medical care for Union soldiers, often led by women nurses like Barton |
| Battle of Bull Run (both) | confederate victories in Virginia that shattered northern hopes for a quick and easy fight |
| Peninsula Campaign (1862) | McClellan's failed attempt to capture Richmond, Confederate's capital |
| Merrimack and Monitor (Battle of Hampton Roads) | First battle between ironclad ships (Merrimack and Monitor both made from Union, but Merrimack was renamed CSS Virginia by Confederates) resulting in a 'tie' |
| Battle of Antietam | Bloody single day battle giving UNION Victory, led to the emancipation proclamation |
| Emancipation Proclamation (1863) | Freed slaves from confederate states, changed the war outset to be one of slavery |
| Battle of Fredericksburg (1862) | Burnside/Union defeat |
| Battle of Gettsburg | Turning point of the war, halted Lee/Confederate invasion of the North |
| Gettysburg Address | Lincoln's speech after the war to petition for equality and unity |
| Fort Henry and Fort Donelson | Union victories in Tennessee by Grant; opened the southern territory for easier invasions |
| Battle of Shiloh | Reality of warfare, heavy loss but UNION victory |
| Siege of Vicksburg | Union control of the Mississippi river, splitting the Confederates |
| Sherman's March | Union campaign through Georgia, destroying southern infrastructure (everything really) |
| Wilderness Campaign | Series of battles in Virginia causing union casualties under Grant |
| Appomattox Courthouse | Lee surrendered to Grant and ended the civil war with Union victory after all |
| Congressional Committee on the Conduct of the War | Radical Republicans against presidential power expansion who pushed for harsher war policies under Lincoln |
| Copperheads | Northern Democrats who opposed any and all war, wanting peace with the south overall |
| Union Party | Temporary alliance of Republicans and War Democrats to gather public support for Lincoln's reelection |
| Reform of 1867/Reconstruction Acts | Divided the South into districts, requiring southern states to allow black voting and other freedoms |
| Freedmen's Bureau | Helped freed slaves get jobs, education, aid, etc, not supported by the south |
| 10 percent plan | Lincoln's reconstruction plan allowing states to rejoin the union when 10% of voters swore an oath to keep emancipation in practice |
| Wade-Davis Bill | Radical Republican alternative to the 10% plan asking for 50% loyalty |
| Black Codes | Southern laws restricting black freedom that tried to keep slaves as a labor force without being under the label as slaves |
| Pacific Railroad Act | Funded the transcontinental railroad, helping U.S expand territory and power |
| Civil Rights Bill | granted citizenship and basic rights to African Americans, but was not passed |
| Reconstruction Act | Military enforcement of civil rights in the south that required new constitutions and black suffrage |
| Ex parte Milligan | Supreme court ruling that civilians could not be tried in military court UNLESS civilian courts were closed |
| Redeemers | Southern Democrats who regained control and reversed reconstruction reforms, (white supremacy) |
| Women's loyal league | African political group promoting republicans and protecting black rights |
| Scalawags | Southern whites who supported reconstruction, traitors to the south |
| Carpetbaggers | Northerners who moved south to aid reform or for personal gain |
| KKK | white supremacist terrorist group (we all know) |
| Force acts of 1870-71 | Federal laws stopping KKK violence and protecting black suffrage |
| Tenure of Office Act | Required senate approval before firing cabinet members (Johnson violated) |
| Seward's Folly | Purchase of Alaska from Russia to help with expansion |
Created by:
aophia