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Crim Chapter 7
Psychological Theories of Crime
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| High sensation seeking with low self control | leads to impulsive risk taking |
| Negative emotionality | leads to increase hostility and if combined with callous emotional traits increase cruelty |
| Authoritative parenting style | high warmth, high behavior control, characterize with high rules but discussion of rules with emotional support High self control develops protective behavior, less risk of crime |
| Authoritarian parenting style | low warmth, high and harsh control, rigid rules and expectation of following rules with no discussion and punishment if broken. Linked high crime and violent behaviour |
| Permissive parents parenting style | high warmth, low control, with few rules/expectations, tolerant with behavior with few boundaries |
| Rejecting /Neglecting parenting style | low on both warmth and control, parent is uninvolved, severe neglect becomes abusive. Most linked to violent behavior. |
| Attachment theory | early disrupted attachments can lead to inability to trust and rely on other adults. Contribute to violence in intimate relationships. |
| Cognitive behavior theory | looks for faults in cognitive process, mental development and a defiance moral compass and looks at the way thoughts and feelings influence human behavior. |
| Insecure attachment | affects how negative or positive a person view others. |
| Neutralization of behavior techniques | Denial of responsibility |
| Neutralization of behavior techniques | Denial of victim |
| Neutralization of behavior techniques | Denial of injury: minimize the consequences |
| Neutralization of behavior techniques | Condemnation of the condemners: blaming the condemners(police, politicians) |
| Neutralization of behavior techniques | Apparel to higher loyalties: adhering to other norms and higher principles to justify behavior. |
| Conditioning | Rewards and punishments shape behavior |
| positive reinforcement | Getting something receive positive stimulus |
| Removing negative stimulus | negative reinforcement |
| positive punishment | Positive receive negative stimulus |
| negative punishment | Taking positive away |
| Confirmation bias | overvalue information that confirms one's own belief over evidence that counters. (racial profiling) |
| In-group bias | tendency to trust peers and colleagues more than those outside your in group |
| Cognitive bias | systematic patterns of deviation from norm and or rationality in judgement that occurs when people are processing and interpreting information in the world around them |
| DSM-5(diagnostic and statistical Manuel of mental disorders | used to diagnose mental disorder: describes, symptoms and criteria to diagnose. |
| Antisocial personality disorder | Most common in reference to criminal behaviour. Characterized in consistent disregard for others. Lying, irritability, impulsivity, failure to conform to social norms, aggressiveness, reckless disregard of safety for self or others, lack of remorse. |
| Psychopathy: interpersonal and emotional traits | manipulation, grandiosity and impaired empathy |
| psychopathy: antisocial behavior and lifestyle traits | impulsive behavior, sensation seeking and parasitic lifestyle. |
| Low fear model | states that emotional deficits results from an impaired recognition/experience of fear, leading to increased sensation seeking and inability to be deterred by fear of punishment |
| the response modulation hypothesis | an impairment ability to modify behavior once attention focused, even situation that warrants change |
| Psychosis | Condition that impacts how brain processes |
| Substance abuse disorders | difficulties reducing substance use, causing problems in ones personal and work life |
| substance use: systematic crime | crimes related to the drug trade. |
| substance use: economically compulsive crimes | results from people engaging in money making crimes to support their drug use |
| psychopharmaceutical driven crime | substance itself produces an effect on the brain and behavior resulting in crime or violence |
| trauma | the experience of and response to an overwhelmingly negative event or series of events |
| Adverse Childhood Experience ( ACE) | when child's brain is growing and developing, vulnerable to toxic stress; can affect architecture of the brain as well as the neurochemicals that travel in brain structure |
| Post traumatic stress disorder(PTSD) | caused by traumatic life events, resulting persistent re-experience. |
| self medication model | substance can help cope with trauma |
| trauma informed approach | considers attachment relationships as primary survival need in human beings. And Authenticity (connection with self). |
| Evolutionary Psychology | looks for explanation in the human genome and the influence of ancient ancestry |
| Cultural Psychology | individual behavior is constructed by society/cultures |
| subcultures | creates norms that contradict the society they live in. |
| theistic culture | considers crime a violation of law set by god |
| Canadian youth diversion program | a program that works to hold youth accountable for crime while diverting them away from judicial system. |
| restorative justice | attempts to repair the harm caused by criminal act, inclusive both offender and victim |
| Biopsychosocial criminology | multidisciplinary perspective; considers interactions between biological, psychological, and sociological factors |
| Moffitt's developmental Eaxonomy | explains the development of antisocial behavior as affected biology, socialization and stages of development. |
| life course persistent offenders | early school leaving and criminal activity, individuals eventually band together. Neurological differences causing Impulsive and reactivity. |
| Adolescent limited offenders | minor antisocial behavior at developmentally normalize stage in teenage years but otherwise normal childhood. Capable of changing because developed social and educational skills |
| General Aggression Model | explains the biological personality, cognitive and social learning factors influencing aggressive acts |
| Risk needs responsivity model | provides a method for offender assessment and treatment by examining the needs underlying criminal behavior |
| risk principle | assessing offenders on the eight factors indicators are most directly linked with criminal behavior. |
| Need principle | treatment should be focus on addressing needs associated with each risk factor |
| responsivity principle | treatment should provide ways to optimize offenders successful response to treatment |
| Trauma informed system of care | offers approach to law enforcement, mental health treatment and rehab that seek to avoid re traumatizing |
| principle of trauma care | safety |
| principle of trauma care | trustworthiness and transparency |
| principle of trauma care | peer support |
| principle of trauma care | collaboration and mutaliality |
| principle of trauma care | empowerment voice and choice |
| principle of trauma care | cultural, historical and gender issue |
Created by:
AtlasGenius12