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ElementaryChemFinal
Study for elementary chemistry (chem 2) final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is the smallest unit of an element that retains its properties? | an atom |
| what are the 3 subatomic particles? | Proton, Neutron, Electron |
| what is the charge and location of a proton? | Positive charge, located in the nucleus |
| what does the atomic number represent? | the number of protons in an atom |
| how is the periodic table arranged? | by increasing atomic number |
| what are the rows and columns on the periodic table called? | Rows = Periods Columns = groups or families |
| what types of elements are found on the left side of the periodic table? | Metals |
| which group contains the Nobel gases? | Group 18 |
| what is an ionic bond? | a bond formed by the transfer of electrons from a metal to a nonmetal |
| what is a covalent bond? | a bond formed by the sharing of electrons between 2 nonmetals |
| what type of ion is formed when an atom loses an electron? | a cation (positive ion) |
| what is a molecule? | two or more atoms bonded together covalently |
| what is the law of conservation of mass? | matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction |
| what are the signs of a chemical reaction? | color change, temperature change, gas production, or precipitate formation |
| what is a mole in chemistry? | 6.022*10^23 particles of a substance |
| what is the ideal gas law equation? | pV = nRT |
| what does STP stand for in gas laws? | Standard Temperature and Pressure (0 degrees Celsius and 1 atm) |
| what happens to gas pressure if volume decreases and temperature stays constant? | Pressure increases (Boyle's Law) |
| what is the formula for finding Molarity? | moles of solute/liters of solution |
| what pH range do acids have? | less than 7 |
| what pH range do bases have? | greater than 7 |
| what do acids produce in water? | H+ ions (hydrogen ions) |
| what do bases produce in water? | (OH-) ions (hydroxide ions) |
| what type of reaction absorbs energy? | endothermic |
| what type of reaction releases energy? | exothermic |