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ElementaryChemFinal

Study for elementary chemistry (chem 2) final

QuestionAnswer
what is the smallest unit of an element that retains its properties? an atom
what are the 3 subatomic particles? Proton, Neutron, Electron
what is the charge and location of a proton? Positive charge, located in the nucleus
what does the atomic number represent? the number of protons in an atom
how is the periodic table arranged? by increasing atomic number
what are the rows and columns on the periodic table called? Rows = Periods Columns = groups or families
what types of elements are found on the left side of the periodic table? Metals
which group contains the Nobel gases? Group 18
what is an ionic bond? a bond formed by the transfer of electrons from a metal to a nonmetal
what is a covalent bond? a bond formed by the sharing of electrons between 2 nonmetals
what type of ion is formed when an atom loses an electron? a cation (positive ion)
what is a molecule? two or more atoms bonded together covalently
what is the law of conservation of mass? matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction
what are the signs of a chemical reaction? color change, temperature change, gas production, or precipitate formation
what is a mole in chemistry? 6.022*10^23 particles of a substance
what is the ideal gas law equation? pV = nRT
what does STP stand for in gas laws? Standard Temperature and Pressure (0 degrees Celsius and 1 atm)
what happens to gas pressure if volume decreases and temperature stays constant? Pressure increases (Boyle's Law)
what is the formula for finding Molarity? moles of solute/liters of solution
what pH range do acids have? less than 7
what pH range do bases have? greater than 7
what do acids produce in water? H+ ions (hydrogen ions)
what do bases produce in water? (OH-) ions (hydroxide ions)
what type of reaction absorbs energy? endothermic
what type of reaction releases energy? exothermic
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