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DT 1.10
Unfinished
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| IP | Intellectual property - *physically created* and didnt exist before For IPR (rights) needs to be unique. First recognised in late 1800s with Trade Marks Registration Act |
| IP definition | A novel, physical creation that is entitled to protection for its originator in the form of copyright, design rights, patent, registered design, or trademark |
| Copyright defintion | Unregistered rights that protect original works such as books, photographs, and plays Normally lasts 70 years after death of creator Permission can be given to make use of it |
| Unregistered design rights definition | Rights that give automatic protection to prevent copying the appearance of a product Apply for 10 years - appearance only, not function |
| Patent definition | Legal protection for inventions relating to the way in which products function Granted by govt, giving inventor 20 years legal protection. Only for novel inventions. Confidentiality need or invalid Encourages innovate |
| Registered design definition | A product whose appearance or decoration has been legally protected to counter copying For electronics only for exterior casing. e.g. designer bags ongoing problem Can be registered for up to 25 years with suitable illustrations and fees to the IPO |
| Logo definition | A graphical symbol that often serves as an important element of a trademarked brand identity |
| Trademark definition | A unique combination of words, sounds, colours and logos used for marketing, and the legal protection of brand identity. e.g. the words 'dual cyclone'. Register with application and payment to IPO which must be renewed every 10 years. TM symbol use |
| Open design definition | A design that has not been protected by IPR, so that it can be freely used and developed by others Contributors often unrewarded - internet currently at heart of this e.g. Italic shelf, RepRap Prusa i3 3D printer |
| What act provides copyright legislation | The Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 |
| The UK Copyright Service | Although copyright and unregistered design rights are automatic, it's very hard to prove ownership of IP if dispute arises. UK Copyright Service gives independent evidence of authorship |
| C in a circle symbol | Useful to reinforce that the owner of the work is serious about protecting it and will follow up infringements with legal action Often accompanied with copyright holder name and publication year so easier to reinforce claims |
| Additional steps to provide proof of original ownership | Adding metadata and watermarks to digital images Keeping early drafts, sketches, recordings, etc to show the development of the piece of work Incorporation of unique modifications such as slight alterations to maps |
| Patent attorney | often employed to check validity of applications before submitting - complex checks (e.g. making sure drawings of all features properly explained and referenced) |
| Who are patent submissions made to | The Intellectual Property Office Expensive and complicated |
| Logos and trademarks | One of the most precious and eagerly sought |
| Entitlements of registering a trademark | Ability to take legal action against counterfeiters and any other unauthorised users of their brand Use of TM symbol alongside their brand The right to sell and license their brand |
| FOSS | Free Open Source Software - often take the form of 3D printed components and PCBs |
| Cons of patents | Victor Papanek hated them - saw as restriction on inventions and prevented urgently required designs being developed for the benefit of all |
| Creative commons licence | Often used for open design - ensures original designer retains IP of the idea and the right to be acknowledged. |
| Ronen Kadushin | embraced computer controlled machinery and standardised file formats such as DXF |
| RepRap Prusa i3 3D printer | Can be made by 3d printed parts from freely available files to broaden influence |
| Practical Action | International NGO promoting 'technology justice' to challenge poverty in developing countries. Range of designs to be coppied by individuals, organisations, to lead healthier/safer/productive lives. e.g. water pumping and purification systems |
| Fairphone | Open source software and replaceable/repairable modules to become relatively immune from complete replacement to not become obsolete. |
| normal phone lifespan | Current trend to replace phones about every 18 months |
| Shipping container | Malcolm McLean and Keith Tantlinger developed the highly successful worldwide system in the 1950s. Patents leased to ISO free of royalties so others could use design without hindrance - prerequisite of system is worldwide compatability |
| Seatbelt | Volvo made it but left it as an open design |
| How to explain in an exam Q about the 'common good of society of open design' | Health, safety, collaboration to improve the vital tech define open design e.g.s |
| Flaws of open design | Not subject to international standards for tesing/QC - consumers cant be sure Increased usage has led to more regular copyright breaches as users feel they can use any works they find online |
| Benefits of open design | Huge number of users with varied knowledge/skills No need for complex procedures of protecting designs |
| Open design focus | Ethos to contribute to greater societal good not necessarily financial |
| What is code protected by? | Copyright - is text based Patents protect the underlying systems and processes related to the software |
| Copyrights, patents, resigistered designs, and trademarks of an X-box | Copyright - software Patent - wireless connect tech. Cooling tech. Registered design - shape of case, button layout Trademark - logo and startup sound |
Created by:
Pyrogearos2