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Rock Cycle
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Rocks | Make up the earth's crust, that are made of a mixture of minerals and other materials |
| Classifying Rocks | Grain size, Grain Shape, Grain pattern, No visible grain |
| Texture | the look and feel of the rocks surface; the grain: what gives the rock its texture. |
| Mineral Composition | geologists use a microscope to observe the shape and size of the rock’s crystals. |
| Origin | naturally occurring pieces of minerals |
| Igneous | forms from magma or lava |
| Metamorphic | formed deep underground |
| Igneous Rocks Classified | formed from intense heat that comes from magma or lava. |
| Extrusive Rocks | igneous rocks formed from lava that erupted onto Earth's surface |
| Intrusive Rocks | igneous rocks formed from magma that hardens beneath Earth's surface. |
| Texture | depends upon the size and shape of the crystals |
| Porphyritic texture | large crystals surrounded by small crystals, which form when magma cools in two stages. |
| Sedimentary Rocks Classified | formed from layers of sediment deposited by water and wind; sediment: small solid pieces of rock or living things. |
| Erosion | wind or water carry sediments |
| Deposition | when the water or wind stops carrying the sediments |
| Compaction | presses sediments together |
| Cementation | when dissolved minerals and sediment glue together |
| Clastic Rocks | formed sedimentary rocks are squeezed together |
| Organic Rocks | formed when layers of plants and animals are deposited in thick layers |
| Chemical Rocks | when minerals are dissolved in a solution crystallize |
| Foliated | grains arranged in parallel layers or bands |
| Non-foliated | mineral grains are arranged randomly |
| Organic Layer | Humus |
| Topsoil | minerals with humus |
| Subsoil | Deposited minerals & metal salts |
| Parent rock | Partly weathered rock |
| Bedrock | unweathered parent rock |
| E Horizon (Eluvial Layer) | This is a light-colored layer that has been leached of clay, iron, and organic matter as water percolates through the soil. |
| O Horizon | This is the uppermost layer, composed of organic matter like decaying leaves, plant matter, and humus. |
| B Horizon | This layer is typically lighter in color than the topsoil and contains minerals and clay that have been leached from the upper layers. |
| C Horizon | This layer consists of partially altered bedrock and is the transition zone between the soil and the underlying bedrock. |
| R Horizon | This is the solid rock layer that lies beneath the soil. |
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