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Atoms and radiation

Key terms for atoms and radiation topic

TermDefinition
Element A pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means. Elements are made up of one type of atom.
Atom An atom is the smallest particle of an element that still has properties of element.
Proton A positively charged particle located in the nucleus of the atom. Atomic number=number of protons. The atomic number (protons) determines the type of element. For instance, 2 protons is always a Helium (He) atom, 6 protons is always a carbon (C)
Neutron A particle with no charge and is present in the nucleus of an atom.
Electron A negatively charged particle that moves around the nucleus.
Atomic Mass/ Mass Number The number of protons plus neutrons in the nucleus of the atom. For example, Helium atom's atomic number is 2 and atomic mass number is 4. This means Protons=1 amu, Neutrons= 1amu, Protons+ Neutrons= Atomic mass. amu here refers to atomic mass unit.
Atomic Number The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
Ions An atom with electrical charge because it has either lost or gained an electron. An atom with more protons than electrons is a positively charged ion. An atom with less protons than electrons is a negatively charged ion. A positive or negative number o
Isotope One of several forms of the same element. Usually only one or two stable isotopes exist for a given element. All isotopes in the same element has the same amount of protons, but differs in protons.
Electron Shells Electron travel around the nucleus in the shells also known as orbits. Only 2 electrons can fit in the closest shell, whereas 8 in the second and third shells. Atoms like to have full outer shells and will either gain or loose electrons to achieve this.
Created by: Aarushi01
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