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APES Unit 3

QuestionAnswer
Generalists Organisms that have a wide range of tolerance
Specialists Organisms that have a narrow range of tolerance
K Selected Species Long life span, Long time to reproductive maturity, Few number of reproductive events EX: Humans, Elephants
R Selected Species Short life span, Short time to reproductive maturity, Lots number of reproductive events EX: Insects, Rats
Type I Survivorship A pattern of survival over time in which there is a high survival rate throughout most of the life span, bet then individuals start to t die in large numbers as they approach old age
Type II Survivorship A pattern of survival over time in which there's a relatively constant decline in survivorship throughout most of the life sppan
Type III Survivorship A pattern of survival over time in which there is a low survivorship early in life with few individuals reaching adulthood
Density-Independent Factors Same effect on the probability of survival, regardless of the population size EX: Storms, fire, heat wave, drought
Density-Dependent Factors Influence the probability of survival depending on the size of the population EX: Disease transmission, Territory size, Food Avaliability
Thomas Malthus Observed the exponential growth of humans and concluded that eventually our need for food would exceed our capacity
Human Populations tend to be divided by nation sor regions, and have to consider what Immigration and Emigration
Factors that contribute to population growth -High crude birth rate -High total fertility rate -Lack of access to family planning
Factors that contribute to population decline -Low crude birth rate -Access to family planning -High overall death rate
Theory of demographic transition The theory that as a country moves from a subsistence (Only basic needs met) economy to industrialization and increased affluence it undergoes a predictable shift in population growth
Phase 1 of The demographic transition Preindustrial -High birth and death rates -Life expectancy is short -Children are needed for the workforce
Phase 2 of The demographic transition Industrializing -Continued high birth rates - Dropping death rate -Sanitation, drinking water, and food access improves -Medical care improves
Phase 3 of The demographic transition Industrialized -Stable population growth -Higher family incomes, so less need for children -Education becomes more of a priority -Birth and death rates begin to equalize
Phase 4 of The demographic transition Post Industrial -Declining population growth -Higher affluence and economic prosperity -More older people than younger people
Affluence The state of having a great deal of money
Created by: sydeboswell
 

 



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