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Thermochemistry
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| calorimetry | the process of measuring the amount of heat lost or gained in a chemical reaction |
| calorimeter | An insulated device that contains a known mass of water and is used to determine the enthalpy change in a chemical reaction or process (such as dissolving ionic compounds or heat exchange in a metal) |
| enthalpy | the energy stored in a substance |
| work | the ability to cause motion or produce heat |
| heat of reaction | the enthalpy change that occurs during a reaction; the difference between the PE of the reactants and the products |
| endothermic | a process in which energy is absorbed from the surroundings; results in a decrease in temp |
| exothermic | a process in which energy is released into the surroundings; results in an increase in temp |
| thermochemistry | The study of thermal changes in chemical reactions |
| kinetic energy (KE) | energy of motion |
| potential energy (PE) | stored energy |
| catalyst | a substance used during a reaction to lower the activation energy needed to cause the reaction to occur |
| kinetic-molecular theory | all atoms are in constant motion |
| thermal energy | kinetic energy of atoms; heat energy |
| activation energy | the energy required to convert reactants into the activated complex |
| temperature | a measure of the average kinetic energy of a substance |
| heat | KE transferred between two substances because of a difference in temperature |
| specific heat | the energy required to raise the temperature of 1 g of a substance 1 C |
| delta T | the change in temperature; final temp - initial temp |
| q | the heat absorbed or released in the heat equation |
| thermal equilibrium | when two substances have the same average KE (same temp) |
| activated complex | the short term, high energy, intermediate state during a chemical reaction when bonds are broken but new bonds are not yet formed. |
| enthalpy change | the heat that passes into or out of a system during a chemical reaction or other process |