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apush unit 7
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Progressive Era | A time when reformers worked to fix problems caused by industrialization and corruption. |
| Muckrakers | Journalists who exposed corruption and problems in society (like Upton Sinclair and Ida Tarbell). |
| The Jungle (1906) | A book by Upton Sinclair that exposed dirty conditions in meatpacking; led to food safety laws. |
| Meat Inspection Act (1906) | Law that required sanitary conditions and inspections in meatpacking plants. |
| Pure Food and Drug Act (1906) | Required labeling of food and medicine and banned harmful ingredients. |
| Jane Addams | Founded Hull House to help immigrants; leader in the Settlement House movement. |
| 17th Amendment | Allowed voters to directly elect U.S. Senators. |
| 19th Amendment | Gave women the right to vote. |
| Teddy Roosevelt | Progressive president known for trust-busting, conservation, and the Square Deal. |
| Square Deal | Roosevelt’s plan to help workers, businesses, and consumers fairly. |
| Conservation Movement | Efforts to protect natural resources and land (led by Roosevelt and John Muir). |
| Trust-busting | Breaking up big monopolies to restore competition. |
| Woodrow Wilson | Progressive president who passed reforms and led the U.S. through World War I. |
| Federal Reserve Act (1913) | Created a central bank to control the money supply and interest rates. |
| Spanish-American War (1898) | A short war where the U.S. defeated Spain and gained Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines. |
| Imperialism | When a stronger country controls a weaker one for power and resources. |
| Open Door Policy | U.S. policy asking for equal trade rights in China. |
| Roosevelt Corollary | Said the U.S. could intervene in Latin America to keep order; added to the Monroe Doctrine. |
| World War I (1914 | 1918) |
| Zimmermann Telegram | A secret message from Germany to Mexico promising land if they joined the war against the U.S. |
| Espionage & Sedition Acts | Laws that limited free speech during WWI to stop anti-war talk. |
| Great Migration | Movement of African Americans from the South to Northern cities for jobs during WWI. |
| Fourteen Points | Wilson’s plan for peace after WWI, including the League of Nations. |
| Treaty of Versailles (1919) | Ended WWI; punished Germany harshly and created the League of Nations (which the U.S. didn’t join). |
| League of Nations | An international peacekeeping group formed after WWI; the U.S. refused to join. |
| Red Scare (1919 | 1920) |
| Schenck v. United States | Supreme Court case that said free speech can be limited during wartime. |
| Harlem Renaissance | A cultural movement celebrating Black art, music, and literature in the 1920s. |
| Scopes Trial (1925) | A trial over teaching evolution in schools; showed the clash between science and religion. |
| Stock Market Crash (1929) | Sudden collapse of stock prices that started the Great Depression. |
| Great Depression | A long economic downturn with high unemployment and widespread hardship. |
| New Deal | FDR’s programs to help people during the Great Depression by creating jobs and reforming the economy. |
| Social Security Act (1935) | New Deal law that gave money to the elderly, unemployed, and disabled. |
| FDIC | A New Deal program that protected people’s bank deposits. |
| Court Packing Plan | FDR’s failed plan to add more justices to the Supreme Court to support his New Deal laws. |