A different version of a gene (like blue vs. brown eyes).

A gene found on any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome (not X or Y).

When both alleles in a gene pair are fully shown (like AB blood type where both A and B are visible).

When one allele completely covers up the other (like brown eyes hiding blue eyes).

A genetic cross that looks at two traits at the same time (like seed color and shape in peas).

How something is spread out, like how common a trait is in a group.

An allele that shows up even if there’s only one copy (like brown eyes from one parent).

Outside factors (like temperature or food) that can affect traits.

The first generation of offspring from two parent organisms.

The second generation of offspring, made by breeding two F1 organisms.

A sex cell (like sperm or egg) that carries one set of genes.

How a gene shows up as a trait in an organism.

The differences in genes among individuals in a group.

The actual gene combination an organism has (like BB, Bb, or bb).

The ratio of gene combinations in offspring (like 1 BB

The passing of traits from parents to children.

Having two different alleles for a gene (like Bb).

Having two of the same alleles for a gene (like BB or bb).

When neither allele is fully dominant, so the trait is a blend (like red + white = pink flowers).

A picture of all the chromosomes in a cell, used to check for changes or problems.

A genetic cross that looks at just one trait.

The original parent generation in a genetic cross.

A family tree diagram that shows how traits are passed down.

What a trait actually looks like (like having brown eyes or curly hair).

The ratio of physical traits seen in the offspring (like 3 brown eyes

Polygenic inheritance

When a trait is controlled by many genes (like height or skin color).

A group of the same species living in one area.

The chance something will happen (like a 25% chance of blue eyes).

A chart that shows possible gene combinations in offspring.

A way to compare numbers, like 3

An allele that only shows up if there are two copies (like blue eyes from both parents).

A gene found on the X or Y sex chromosome, often affecting males more.

A characteristic, like eye color or hair texture.

Differences in traits between individuals in a group.

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LS3-3 Genetics

Genetics/Inheritance

Term	Definition
Allele	A different version of a gene (like blue vs. brown eyes).
Autosomal	A gene found on any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome (not X or Y).
Codominance	When both alleles in a gene pair are fully shown (like AB blood type where both A and B are visible).
Complete dominance	When one allele completely covers up the other (like brown eyes hiding blue eyes).
Dihybrid cross	A genetic cross that looks at two traits at the same time (like seed color and shape in peas).
Distribution	How something is spread out, like how common a trait is in a group.
Dominant	An allele that shows up even if there’s only one copy (like brown eyes from one parent).
Environmental	Outside factors (like temperature or food) that can affect traits.
F1 (first filial)	The first generation of offspring from two parent organisms.
F2 (second filial)	The second generation of offspring, made by breeding two F1 organisms.
Gamete	A sex cell (like sperm or egg) that carries one set of genes.
Gene expression	How a gene shows up as a trait in an organism.
Genetic variability	The differences in genes among individuals in a group.
Genotype	The actual gene combination an organism has (like BB, Bb, or bb).
Genotypic ratio	The ratio of gene combinations in offspring (like 1 BB
Heredity	The passing of traits from parents to children.
Heterozygous	Having two different alleles for a gene (like Bb).
Homozygous	Having two of the same alleles for a gene (like BB or bb).
Incomplete dominance	When neither allele is fully dominant, so the trait is a blend (like red + white = pink flowers).
Karyotype	A picture of all the chromosomes in a cell, used to check for changes or problems.
Monohybrid cross	A genetic cross that looks at just one trait.
P (parental)	The original parent generation in a genetic cross.
Pedigree	A family tree diagram that shows how traits are passed down.
Phenotype	What a trait actually looks like (like having brown eyes or curly hair).
Phenotypic ratio	The ratio of physical traits seen in the offspring (like 3 brown eyes
Polygenic inheritance	When a trait is controlled by many genes (like height or skin color).
Population	A group of the same species living in one area.
Probability	The chance something will happen (like a 25% chance of blue eyes).
Punnett square	A chart that shows possible gene combinations in offspring.
Ratio	A way to compare numbers, like 3
Recessive	An allele that only shows up if there are two copies (like blue eyes from both parents).
Sex linked	A gene found on the X or Y sex chromosome, often affecting males more.
Trait	A characteristic, like eye color or hair texture.
Variation	Differences in traits between individuals in a group.

Created by: brookebiery

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