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Business Analysis
Module 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Is a systematic process that includes phases such as planning, analysis, design, deployment, maintenance | System Development |
| Two Major Components of System Development | System Analysis and System Design |
| It refers to the process of examining a business situation with the intent of improving it through better procedures and methods. | System Analysis and Design |
| Is the process of planning a new business system or one to replace or complement an existing system. | System Design |
| Is the process of gathering and interpreting facts, diagnosing problems, and using the information to recommend improvements to the system. This is the job of the systems analyst | System Analysis |
| May be referred to as any set of components that function in an interrelated manner for a common cause or objective | System |
| Derived from the Greek word systema, which means an organized relationship among functioning units or components. An orderly grouping of interdependent components linked together according to a plan to achieve a specific objective | System |
| Characteristic of System: Implies structure and order | Organization |
| The hierarchical relationships—starting with the president at the top and leading downward to the blue-collar workers—represent the organizational structure. | Business System |
| Is designed around an input device, a central processing unit, an output device, and one or more storage units. When linked together, they work as a whole system for producing information. | Computer System |
| Characteristic of System: It refers to the manner in which each component functions with other components of the system. | Interaction |
| Characteristic of System: It means that parts of the organization or computer system depend on one another. They are coordinated and linked together according to a plan | Interdependence |
| Characteristic of System: It refers to the holism of systems. Integration is concerned with how a system is tied together. It is more than just sharing a physical part or location. | Integration |
| Successful integration will typically produce a ____________? | Synergistic Effect |
| Characteristic of System: The last characteristic of a system is its ____________. Objectives may be real or stated. Although a stated objective may be the real objective. | Central Objective |
| Characteristic of System: The important point is that users must know the ___________ of a computer application early in the analysis for a successful design and conversion. | Central Objective |
| Elements of a System: A major objective of a system is to produce an output that has value to its user. | Outputs and Inputs |
| Are the elements (material, human resources, and information) that enter the system for processing. | Inputs |
| Is the outcome of processing. | Output |
| Elements of a System: The _________ is the element of a system that involves the actual transformation of input into output. It is the operational component of a system. | Processor |
| Elements of a System: The _________ element guides the system. It is the decision– making subsystem that controls the pattern of activities governing input, processing, and output. | Control |
| Elements of a System: Control in a dynamic system is achieved by _________. | Feedback |
| Elements of a System: It measures output against a standard in some form of cybernetic procedure that includes communication and control. It may be positive or negative, routing or informational | Feedback |
| Reinforces the performance of the system and is routine in nature. | Positive feedback |
| Generally provides the controller with information for action. | Negative feedback |
| Elements of a System: The __________ is the “suprasystem” within which an organization operates. It is the source of external elements that impinge on the system. | Environment |
| Elements of a System: In fact, it often determines how a system must function. For example, the organization’s environment, consisting of vendors, competitors, and others, may provide constraints, that may influence the actual performance of the business. | Environment |
| Elements of a System: A system should be defined by its boundaries – the limits that identify its components, processes and interrelationship when it interfaces with the system. another | Boundaries and Interface |
| Types of Systems | Physical or Abstract, Open or Closed, and Man-made Information Systems |
| Types of Systems: Are tangible entities that may be static or dynamic in operation. | Physical Systems |
| The physical parts of the computer center are the desks, and chairs that facilitate the operation of the computer. They can be seen and counted; they are | Static |
| A programmed computer is a __________. | Dynamic |
| Types of Systems: Are non-physical entities or conceptual that may be formulas, representation or model of a real system. | Abstract Systems |
| Types of Systems: An _________ has many interfaces with its environment. It permits interaction across its boundary; it receives inputs from and delivers outputs to the outside. | Open System |
| Types of Systems: Is isolated from environmental influences. | Closed System |
| In reality, a completely closed system is rare. | TRUE |
| Open systems produce useful output and operate in cycles, following a continuous flow path. | Process, Output, and Cycles |
| Open systems have a tendency toward an increasing specialization of functions and a greater differentiation of their components. | Differentiation |
| The term implies that goals are achieved through differing courses of action and a variety of paths. | Equi-finality |
| Open systems are self-adjusting and self-regulating. | Input from Outside |
| All dynamic systems tend to run down over time, resulting in _____ or loss of energy. | Entropy |
| Types of Systems: It is an interconnected set of information resources used to manage data for a particular organization, under Direct Management Control (DMC) | Man-Made Information Systems |
| Types of Systems: This system includes hardware, software, communication, data, and applications for producing information according to the needs of an organization. | Man-Made Information Systems |
| Three Types of Man-Made Information Systems | Formal Information System, Informal Information System, and Computer-Based Information System |
| Type of Man-Made Information Systems: A _________ is based on the organization represented by the organization chart. | Formal Information System |
| The ______ is a map of positions and their authority relationships, indicated by boxes and connected by straight lines. It is concerned with the pattern of authority, communication, and workflow | Chart |
| Type of Man-Made Information Systems: The ________ is a power structure designed to achieve company goals. An organization’s emphasis on control to ensure performance tends to restrict the communication flow among employees. | Informal Information System |
| Type of Man-Made Information Systems: It is an employee based system designed to meet personnel and vocational needs and to help solve work– related problems | Informal Information System |
| Type of Man-Made Information Systems: A third class of information system relies on the computer for handling business applications. The computer is now a required source of information. | Computer-Based Information System |
| Type of Man-Made Information Systems: Systems analysis relies heavily on computers for problem solving. This suggests that the analyst must be familiar with computer technology and have experience in handling people in an organizational context. | Computer-Based Information System |
| Every computer system deals with the real world, a problem area, or a reality outside itself. For example, a telephone switching system consists of elements such as subscribers, telephone handsets, dialing, conference calls, and more. | System Models |
| 4 Major System Models | Schematic, Flow, Static, and Dynamic System Models |
| Major System Models: Is a two – dimensional chart depicting system elements and their linkages. Different arrows are used to depict information flow, material flow and information feedback. Various elements of the system are depicted in boxes. | Schematic Models |
| Major System Models: A ______ system model shows the flow of material, energy, and information that hold the system together. These models have an orderly flow. | Flow System Models |
| Widely known example for Flow System Models is __________. | PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique) |
| Is used to abstract a real-world system in model form, manipulate specific values to determine the critical path, interpret the relationships, and relay them back as a control. | PERT |
| Major System Models: This type of model exhibits a pair of relationships, such as activity time or cost–quantity. | Static System Models |
| Example of Static System Models is _________. | Gantt Chart |
| Pertains to long-range planning policies for upper management, using Decision Support System (DSS) for direct access. | Strategic Information |
| It is used by middle management and department heads for implementation and control through management information systems (MIS). | Tactical Information |
| It is short-term, daily data used to operate departments and enforce business rules, established by data processing systems (DPS). | Operational Information |
| Is used by the executives for strategic decisions. | Executive Information System |
| Is use by senior managers for decision making. | Decision Support System |
| Is used by managers for operational efficiency. | Management Information System |
| Is used by workers for basic reporting. | Transaction Process System |
| It is an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices used to perform and record business transactions. | Transaction Process System |
| is responsible for collecting, storing, modifying, and retrieving data and generating reports. Ex. Payroll system, airline online transaction processing reservation system | Transaction Process System |
| Is any business-related exchange such as payments to employees, sales to customers, payments to suppliers, or cash withdrawn from an ATM. | Transaction |
| Is a person – machine system and a highly integrated grouping of information – processing functions designed to provide management with a comprehensive picture of specific operations | Management Information System |
| It is an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices that provides information to managers and decision makers. Ex. University’s student Management Information System. | Management Information System |
| It serves the organization’s strategic management level. It is an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices that support problem specific decision | Decision Support Systems |
| Emphasizes decision making in problem situations, not information processing, retrieval, or reporting. | Decision |
| Requires computer-aided decision situations with enough “structure” to permit computer support. | Support |
| Accentuates the integrated nature of problem solving, suggesting a combined “man”, machine, and decision environment. | System |
| It uses the same approach as DSS for managers, but is more focused on supporting executives, in making decisions. Ex. Sales forecast support system. | Executive Support Systems |
| What are the 5 Characteristics of a System? | - Organization - Interaction - Interdependence - Integration - Central Objective |
| What are the 3 Basic Implications of the Study of System Concepts? | - A system must have a structure, and a behavior designed to achieve a predetermined objective. - Interrelationships and Interdependence must exist among the components. - The Objective of the Organization as a whole must have a high priority. |
| What are the 6 Elements of the System? | - Outputs and Inputs - Processor - Control - Feedback - Environment - Boundaries and Interface |
| Is a representation of a real or a planned system. It makes it easier for the analyst to visualize relationships in the system under study | Model |
| What are the 5 important Characteristics of Open System? | - Input from Outside - Entropy - Process, Output, and Cycle - Differentiation - Equi-Finality |
| What are the 3 types of Man-Made Information System? | - Formal Information System - Informal Information System - Computer-Based Information System |
| What are the 3 Categories of Information? | - Strategic Information - Tactical Information - Operation Information |
| It Provides reports generated with data and information from the TPS. It also serves the organization at a tactical level. | Management Information System |
| A key element of ______ is the database – a non-redundant collection of interrelated data items that can be processed through application programs and available to many users. Information is accessed through a data base management system (DBMS); | Management Information System |
| Helps an organization DO THINGS RIGHT | Management Information System |
| Helps a manager DO THE RIGHT THING | Decision Support System |
Created by:
lykieee