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Chapter 5 & 6
Chapter 5 & 6 2025
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Population | A group of the same species living in the same area at the same time. |
| Demography or Demographics | The study of populations. |
| Four population characteristics that ecologists use to study populations. | 1. Geographic Range 2. Population Density/Distribution 3. Age Structure 4. Growth Rate |
| Population density | How many members live in a unit area. Ex: 10 cows per acre |
| Three primary types of population distribution in nature | 1. Uniform -->organized evenly spread 2. Random --> individual need 3. Clumps/Clusters --> divide resources |
| What is the benefit of knowing the population age structure ? | Helps determine the health and current growing conditions of the population |
| Be able to understand and answer questions on "Population Age Structure" graphs. | Page 161 in the book Figure 5-15. Be able to determine if a population is growing, shrinking, or maintaining. |
| Three factors that affect growth rate of a population. | 1. Births 2. Deaths 3. Immigration/Emigration |
| Limiting factor | Anything that changes and reduces a population growth. |
| Density dependent limiting factor | Factor that is more impactful in high density population. Ex: Predation, Competition, Disease |
| Density Independent limiting factor | Factor that affects all populations regardless of population size and density. Ex: Weather, Natural Disasters, Logging |
| What must be present for exponential growth and what does it look like on a graph? | Under ideal conditions with unlimited resources, a population will increase exponentially. This means that the larger the population gets, the faster it grows. Figure 5-4 on page 149. |
| Logistic growth and what does it look like on a graph? | Occurs when a population's growth slows and then stops, following a period of exponential growth. Figure 5-5 on page 150. |
| Carrying capacity | Max number of individuals that an ecosystem can support. Things that can affect carrying capacity are land/habitat, waste removal, diseases, food/energy. |
| Habitat | Where an organism lives and all the resources that it uses. |
| Niche | The role or job of an organism in its ecosystem. No two species can have the same exact niche in the same ecosystem at the same time. |
| Three different categories of community interactions. | 1. Competion 2. Predation 3. Symbiosis |
| Competition | Battle for resources |
| Predation | One organism hunting and eating another |
| Symbiosis | Two organisms living closely together |
| Three main classes of symbiotic relationships | 1. Mutualism - positive for both 2. Commensalism - positive for one, no affect on the other 3. Parasitism - positive for one and harms the other |
| Keynot species | A species that is not high in numbers within an ecosystem but exerts disproportional amount of impact. If they were removed huge changes will occur. |
| Succession | Anytime an ecosystem undergoes a change |
| Primary succession | Occurs on new land where no soil existed, pioneer species starts to grow. |
| Secondary succession | Occurs where soil existed, but disaster wiped out previous populations. |
| Biodiversity | Total of all genetically based variation in all organisms in the biosphere. Different types include: Ecosystem diversity, Species Diversity, Genetic Diversity. |
| Resilience | Description of a system's ability to recover after a disturbance. The more biodiversity the system has, the more resilient it will be. |
| Seven ecosystem services that are a result of biodiversity | 1. Purifying water 2. Food production 3. Buffering Effects of Weather 4. Pollinating 5. Nutrient Cycling 6. Maintaining Soil Structure 7. Regulating Pests |
Created by:
kdulin