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Major rivers of Indi
4th Social Studies - Major Rivers of India
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| perennial | Rivers that have water throughout the year, like the Ganga, Yamuna and Kaveri. |
| seasonal | Rivers that get water only during the monsoons, like the Tapi and the Narmada. These are also called non-perennial rivers. |
| delta | A landform created when some rivers branch out into smaller rivers before entering a sea. The Ganga Delta at Sunderbans in West Bengal is the largest in the world. |
| non-perennial | Rivers that get water only during the monsoons, that is, the rainy season. These rivers have very little water during the summer and winter months. They are also called seasonal rivers. |
| river basin | An area of land around the river with streams running down into it. |
| estuary | The mouth of a large river, when the river enters the sea in one stream without branching into smaller streams. The Tapi and Narmada rivers flow into the Arabian Sea in one stream called an estuary. |
| source | The place from where rivers originate on mountains. The journey of a river starts from its source in the mountain. |
| tributary | The river that joins a larger river. A river may branch out into tributaries while flowing towards the sea or the ocean. The Gomti, Ghaghara, Gandak and Son rivers join the Ganga on its journey. The Betwa and Chambal rivers join the Yamuna river. |
| distributary | A smaller river that branches out from the main river. A branch of a river that flows out from the main river. The Hooghly river is a distributary of the Ganga as it enters the Bay of Bengal. |
| mouth | The point where a river merges with the sea or the ocean. |
| confluence | A place where two rivers meet. At Devprayag, the confluence of Bhagirathi takes place with the river Alaknanda, forming the Ganga. The Ganga, Yamuna and Saraswati meet at Allahabad at a place called Triveni Sangam. |
| Ganga | Ganga originates as Bhagirathi from Gangotri Glacier, joins Alaknanda at Devprayag. Key tributaries: Yamuna (Triveni Sangam), Gomti, Ghaghara, Gandak, Son. Hooghly is a distributary. Forms world's largest delta at Sunderbans. |
| Yamuna | A perennial river that rises in the Yamunotri Glacier in the Himalayas. It flows eastwards through several states. The Betwa and Chambal rivers join the Yamuna. Along with the Ganga and Saraswati, it meets at Triveni Sangam in Allahabad. |
| Kaveri | A perennial river. It flows through the plateau region into the Bay of Bengal. It is a river of the southern peninsula region. |
| Tapi | A non-perennial or seasonal river. It rises in the Satpura and the Vindhya ranges. It flows into the Arabian Sea in one stream called an estuary. |
| Narmada | A non-perennial or seasonal river. It rises in the Satpura and the Vindhya ranges. It flows into the Arabian Sea in one stream called an estuary. It is a river of the southern peninsula region. |
| Mahanadi | A perennial river. It flows through the states of Madhya Pradesh and Odisha into the Bay of Bengal. It is a river of the southern peninsula region. |
| Krishna | Flows through the plateau region into the Bay of Bengal. It is a river of the southern peninsula region. |
| Godavari | Flows through the plateau region into the Bay of Bengal. |
| Brahmaputra | Rises in the Himalayas. It flows through Assam and then into Bangladesh (where it is known as Jamuna). It finally enters the Bay of Bengal. |
| Hooghly | A distributary of the Ganga as it enters the Bay of Bengal. |
| Triveni Sangam | The place at Allahabad where the Ganga, Yamuna and Saraswati meet. |
| Jamuna | The name given to the Brahmaputra river in Bangladesh. |
| Dam | A structure built across a river to control its flow. Most rivers in India have dams built across them. |
| Perennial rivers | Rivers like Ganga, Yamuna and the Indus and its tributaries flow through the Indian Gangetic Plain. |
| Rivers' Importance | They are the lifeline of the regions to which they belong. They provide potable water, livelihood, irrigation, electricity, transportation, and drainage. Nearly all major cities are located by their banks. |
| Rivers flowing into the Arabian Sea | The Narmada and Tapi flow into the Arabian Sea. |
| Rivers flowing into the Bay of Bengal | The Mahanadi, Krishna and Kaveri are rivers of the southern peninsula region that flow into the Bay of Bengal. The Mahanadi, Krishna, Godavari, Brahmaputra flow into the Bay of Bengal. |
| Rivers flowing through Jammu and Kashmir | Chenab and Jhelum flow through Jammu and Kashmir. |
| Rivers flowing through Punjab and Himachal Pradesh | Sutlej, Ravi and Beas are major rivers that flow through Punjab and Himachal Pradesh. |
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