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Chemistry Final
This will cover Chapters 4,5, and 6 of the semester
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Determine whether the following compounds are soluble or insoluble in water? a. Hg2Cl2 b. KI | a. It is not soluble in water. b. It is soluble in water. (Check Solubility Table as a guide) |
| What are Molecular Equations? | They are chemical equations in which the reactants and products are written as if they were molecular substances. |
| What is a Complete Ionic Equation? | Is a chemical equation in which strong electrolytes are written as separate ions in the solution. |
| What is a spectator ion? | An ion in an ionic equation that does not take part in the reaction. |
| What is Net Ionic Equation? | An ionic equation from which spectator ions have been canceled. |
| What are the three different types of Chemicals Reactions? | Precipitation, Acid-Based, and Oxidation-reduction. |
| What is a Precipitation reaction? | It is when you mix two ionic solution substances, and a solid ionic substance form. |
| What is a Acid-Base reaction? | It is an acid substance that reacts with a substance called a base. |
| What is an Oxidation-reduction reaction? | These involve the transfer of electrons between reactants. |
| What's an acid-base indicator? | A dye that's used to distinguish between acidic and base solutions by means of the color changes. |
| What are some examples of strong acids? | HCIO4, H2SO4, HI, HBR, HCl, and HNO3. |
| What are some examples of strong bases? | LiOH, NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, and Ba(OH)2 |
| What is a neutralization reaction? | A reaction of an acid and a base that results in an ionic compound and possibly water. |
| What is an oxidation number? | The actual charge of the atom if it exists as a monatomic ion. |
| What is an oxidation-reduction reaction? | It is a reaction in which electrons are transferred between species or in which atoms change the oxidation number. |
| What are the four common Oxidation-Reduction reactions? | Combination, Decomposition, Displacement, and Combustion. |
| What is Molarity? | Is when moles of solute dissolved in one liter of solution. |
| What is the formula for Molarity? | Molarity (M) = moles of solute/ liters of solution |
| What is another way that a Molarity formula can be rearranged? | moles of solute = molarity x liters of solution |
| What is the relationship of atmosphere (atm)? | 1 atm = 1.01325 x 10(to the 5) Pa = 101kPa |
| What is the relationship of mmHg, or torr? | 760mmHg = 1 atm |
| What is the relationship of Bar? | 1.01325 bar = 1 atm |
| What is a barometer? | A device for measuring the pressure of the atmospheres. |
| What is a manometer? | A device for measuring the pressure of a gas or liquid in a vessel. |
| What is Boyle's Law? | The volume of a gas is inversely proportional to the pressure of a gas. (PfVf = PiVi) |
| What is Charles Law? | The volume of a gas is proportional to the temperature of a gas. (Vi/Ti = Vf/Tf) |
| What is Combined Gas Law? | The volume of a certain amount of gas at constant pressure is proportional to the absolute temperature divided by the pressure. PfVf/ Tf = PiVi/ Ti |
| What is Avogadro's Law? | The equal volumes of any two gases at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules. (6.023 x 10^23) (V/n = k) |
| What is Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP)? | The reference conditions for gases are chosen by convention to be O degrees C and 1 atm pressure. (22.4 L/mol) |
| What is Ideal Gas Law? | Combines all the gas laws into one. (PV = NRT) |
| What is Dalton's Law of partial pressures? | The sum of the partial pressures of all the different gases in a mixture is equal to the total pressure of the mixture. (P = P(A) + P(B) + P(C) |
| What is Thermodynamics? | Is the science of the relationship between heat and other forms of energy. |
| What is Thermochemistry? | An area of thermodynamics that concerns the study of the heat absorbed or evolved by a chemical reaction. |
| Define Energy. | The potential or capacity to do work. |
| What is Kinetic Energy? | The energy associated with an object by virtue of its motion. (Ek = 1/2mv (squared). m= mass; v = velocity |
| In this case, what is a calorie? | The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius. (1 cal = 4.184 J) |
| What is Potential Energy? | The energy an object has by virtue of its position a field of force. (Ep = mgh) m = mass, g = gravitational constant (9.80m/s2), h = height (m) |
| What is Internal Energy? | The sum of the kinetic and potential energies of the particles making up a substance. (Etot = Ek +Ep + U) |
| What is the Law of Conservation of Energy? | Energy may be converted from one form to another, but the total quantity of energy remains constant. |
| What is Work (w)? | The result of a force acting through a distance, |
| What is Heat (q)? | The flow of energy caused by a temperature difference. |
| What is the formula of Changed in Internal Energy? | Delta U = Uf - Ui |
| What is the First Law of Thermodynamics? | The change in the internal energy of a system, Delta U, is the sum of heat and work. (Delta U = q +w) |
| An endothermic process has? | A positive Delta H absorbs heat from the surroundings and feels cold to the touch. |
| An exothermic process has? | A negative Delta H gives off heat to the surroundings, and feels warm to the touch. |
| What is Heat of Reaction? | The heat absorbed or evolved from a reaction system to retain a fix temperature of the system under the conditions specified for the reaction. |
| What is Heat Capacity (C)? | The quantity of heat needed to raise the temperature of the sample of substance by one degree Celsius (or one kelvin). (q = C Delta (T). |
| What is a calorimeter? | A device used to measure the heat absorbed or evolved during a physical or chemical change. |
| What is Hess's Law of Heat Summation? | For a chemical equation that can be written as the sum of two or more steps, the enthalpy change for the overall equation equals the sum of the enthalpy changes for the individual steps. |
| What is the formula for Pressure-Volume Work? | A reaction in which the work done equals the product between the negative of the pressure and the change in the system's volume. |
Created by:
maylee887
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