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Punctuation Rules
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Use commas to separate... | three or more items in a series. |
| Use a comma to show a pause after... | an introductory word. |
| Use a comma after two or more prepositional phrases at... | the beginning of a sentence. |
| Use commas to set off words that... | interrupt the flow of thought in a sentence. |
| Use commas to set off names used... | in direct address. |
| Use a comma before and, or, and but when... | they join simple sentences. |
| Use a comma after the salutation of a friendly letter and after... | the closing of both a friendly letter and a business letter. |
| Use a comma or a pair of commas to set off a direct... | quotation. |
| Use a semicolon to join parts of a compound sentence when... | a conjunction such as and, but, or or is not used. |
| Use a colon to introduce... | a list of items that ends a sentence. Use words such as these, the following, and as follows to introduce lists. |
| Do not use a colon immediately after... | a verb or a preposition. |
| Use a colon to separate the hour and... | the minute. |
| Use a colon after the salutation... | of a business letter. |
| Use quotation marks before and after... | a direct quotation. |
| Use quotation marks before and after each part of... | an interrupted quotation. |
| Use a comma or commas to separate... | a phrase such as she said from the quotation itself. Place the comma outside opening quotation marks but inside closing quotation marks. |
| Place a period inside... | closing quotation marks. |
| Place a question mark or an exclamation mark inside the quotation marks when... | it is part of the quotation. |
| Place a question mark or an exclamation mark outside the quotation marks when... | it is part of the entire sentence but not part of the quotation. |
| Use italics (underlining) to identify... | the title of a book, play, film, television series, magazine, newspaper, or name of a ship, train, or plane. |
| Use quotation marks for the title of a... | short story, essay, poem, song, magazine or newspaper article, or book chapter. |
| Hyphens can divide words only... | between syllables. |
| Do not use a hyphen to divide a... | one-syllable word. |
| Do not use a hyphen to divide a word so... | one letter stands alone. |
| Use a hyphen with SOME... | compound nouns. EX: self-esteem, sister-in-law |
| Use a hyphen with compound... | numbers from twenty-one to ninety-nine. |
| Hyphenate a compound... | adjective when it comes before the noun it modifies. |
| Use a hyphen with prefixes... | all-, ex-, great-, self-, and with the suffixes -elect, and -free. |
| To form the possessive case of a singular noun... | add an apostrophe and an s. |
| To form the possessive case of a plural noun that does not end in s... | add an apostrophe and an s. |
| To form the possessive case of a plural noun ending in s... | add only the apostrophe. |
| In general, you should not use an apostrophe... | to form the plural of a noun. |
| Do not use an apostrophe... | with possessive personal pronouns. |
| To form the possessive case of many indefinite pronouns... | add an apostrophe and an s. |
| A contraction is... | a shortened form of a word, a numeral, or a group of words. The apostrophe in a contraction shows where letters, numerals, or words have been left out. |
| Use an apostrophe and an s to form the plurals of... | letters, numerals, and symbols, and of words referred to as words. |