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court cases

QuestionAnswer
Marbury v. Madison Issue: Does the Supreme Court have the power to strike down laws that conflict with the Constitution? Ruling: Yes. Impact: Established judicial review, giving the Court power to declare laws unconstitutional.
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) Issue: Can a state tax a federal bank? Ruling: No. The federal government has implied powers, and states can't interfere with federal actions. Impact: Strengthened federal power over the states.
2. Brown v. Board of Education (1954) Issue: Is racial segregation in public schools constitutional? Ruling: No. "Separate but equal" is inherently unequal. Impact: Ended legalized racial segregation in schools.
3. Bakker v. Carr (1961) Issue: Can courts hear cases about unequal voting districts? Ruling: Yes. Impact: Opened the door for the “one person, one vote” principle in redistricting.
4. Engel v. Vitale (1962) Issue: Can public schools require prayer? Ruling: No. School-sponsored prayer violates the First Amendment. Impact: Strengthened the separation of church and state.
5. Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) Issue: Do poor defendants have the right to an attorney? Ruling: Yes. Impact: Required states to provide lawyers to those who can’t afford one in criminal cases.
6. Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969) Issue: Can students wear armbands to protest the Vietnam War? Ruling: Yes. Students have free speech rights in school. Impact: Defined the limits of student expression.
7. New York Times Co. v. United States (1971) Issue: Can the government stop the press from publishing classified material (Pentagon Papers)? Ruling: No. Prior restraint violates the First Amendment. Impact: Upheld freedom of the press even in matters of national security.
8. Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972) Issue: Can the state force Amish children to attend school past 8th grade? Ruling: No. It violates the Free Exercise Clause of the First Amendment. Impact: Strengthened religious freedom, limiting state power over education.
9. Schenck v. United States (1919) Issue: Can the government restrict speech that opposes the draft during wartime? Ruling: Yes, if it presents a “clear and present danger.” Impact: Created a test for limiting free speech under the First Amendment.
10. Shaw v. Reno (1993) Issue: Can race be the main factor in drawing voting districts? Ruling: No. Racial gerrymandering violates the Equal Protection Clause. Impact: Limited race-based redistricting.
11. United States v. Lopez (1995) Issue: Can Congress ban guns near schools under the Commerce Clause? Ruling: No. Gun possession isn’t an economic activity. Impact: Limited federal power, reinforcing states' rights.
12. McDonald v. Chicago (2010) Issue: Does the Second Amendment apply to states? Ruling: Yes, through the 14th Amendment’s Due Process Clause. Impact: Extended gun ownership rights to state laws.
13. Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010) Issue: Can the government limit political spending by corporations? Ruling: No. Political spending is protected free speech. Impact: Led to increased influence of money in elections through Super PACs.
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) Issue: Can states require racial segregation under “separate but equal” doctrine? Ruling: Yes. The Supreme Court upheld laws requiring racial segregation. Impact: Legalized segregation, upheld Jim Crow laws until overturned by Brown v. Board in 1954.
Created by: user-1620674
 

 



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