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VIETNAM WAR
Vietnam War
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What was Vietnam formerly called? | Indochina |
| Which country had ruled Vietnam and under which war? | France, World war II |
| What anti-japanese resistance movement initiated and under whos leadership? | The viet minh under Ho Chi MInth |
| What year did the French come back wanting to rule Vietnam? | 1945 |
| How many years did the French viet minth fight for? | 9 years |
| Which country supported Ho Chi Minth from 1949? | China, which had become a communist state in 1949 |
| How much did the USA pour into french war efforts? | $500 million |
| When did France pull out of vietnam? | 1954 |
| Where was the peace conference held? | Geneva and it was divided into north and south vietnam until elections could be held to decide its future |
| Did the USA prevent elections from taking place in 1954? | Yes |
| What was the domino theory | Just explain it ie Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, Burma and possibly even India |
| In 1955 who did the USA help and what? | Ngo Dinh Diem --> republic of South Vietnam |
| How was NDD? | Landlord class treated vietnamese peasants with contempt, christian and showed little respect for the Buddhist religion of most vietnamese peasants and Diems regime was extremely corrupt. |
| How much did the USA support Diems regime with? | $1.6 billion |
| Where the governments/leaders following Diem equally corrupt and did they recieve massive support? | YES |
| What were the two names for the pro communist organisations? | National front for the liberation of South Vietnam and Viet Cong |
| What did the ____ ______ besta af? | Opponents of south vietnamese government, communist north vietnamese taking orders from Ho Chi Minh |
| Did peasants who did not support the viet cong face violence and intimidation? | YES |
| What did the viet cong start and using what? | A guerilla war, Ho Chi Minh Trail |
| What did the viet cong send? | Reinforcements, ferried supplies |
| What did the viet cong attack? | South vietnamese government forces, officials, and buildings as well as American air force and supply bases |
| What did the south vietnamese government launch and describe it? | strategic hamlet program -- involved moving peasant villages from viet cong controlled areas and supplying building materials, money, food and equipment for villagers to build improved farms and houses peasants resented it and corrupt officials pocketed |
| By 1962 what was which president doing? | Kennedy was sending military personnel (disguised advisers) to help the South Vietnamese army fight the viet cong. |
| What was Kennedey doing however? | A keen historian and well aware what could and could not be achieved by military intervention as per the Korean War 10 years earlier. |
| Who was Kennedys succesor and what was he more prepared for? | Lyndon Johnson to commit the USA to a full-scale conflict in Vietnam to prevent the spread of communism |
| What happened on the ____? | In august 1964 North Vietnamese patrol boats opened fire on US ships in the Gulf of Tonkin causing the US congress to pass The Tonkin Gulf Resolution giving the president power to "take all necesary measures..." |
| When did the US start ______ | Feb 1965 Operation rolling thunder --> a giant bombing campaign against North Vietnamese cities, factories, army bases and the Ho Chi Minth Trail, continuing for three years. |
| When did actual combat troops, rather than advisers, come ashore at Da Nang and how many? | 3500 US Marines on March 8 1965 (march is sufficient) |
| What had president Einsenhower himself warned and what did the government give? | That America had built a powerful "military-industrial complex" and gave huge budgets to the military commanders. |
| What was this aforementioned huge budget spent upon? | Weapons made by some of Americas biggest companies thus actually both the armed forces and buisnesses actually gained from conflict. |
| What did Eisenhower warn in his last speech? | Not to let these groups become too powerful/influential |
| Was their technology and firepower superior to that of the viet cong and did they believe that would win them the war? | YES |
| How many soldiers did the viet cong have in early 1965? | 170,000 |
| In what valley were ____ viet killed in response for ____ troops? | 2000 vg and 300 t |
| What did Guerilla warfare entail? | Hit-and-run raids, no uniform, wearing down the enemy soldiers and wreck their morale. US soldiers lived in constant fear of ambushes or booby traps such as pits filled with sharpenned bamboo stakes. |
| What percent of US casualties were caused by booby traps? What percent from ambushes and hand to hand combat? | 11 percent, 51 percent |
| What did the viet cong favour? | close quarter fighting because they knew that Americans would not use their air power for fear of hitting their own troops. |
| What did Ho and the viet cong figheters do but what were they also prepared to do? | Helped the vietnamese peasants in the field during busy periods but were quite prepared to kill peasants who opposed them or co-operated with their enemies. |
| Between 1966 and 1971 how many did the viet cong kill? | Estimated 27,000 civilians |
| How many Vietnamese worked to keep the Ho Chi Minth trail open despite constant US and south vietnamese bombing? | 40,000 |
| What total North Vietnamese and viet cong were estimated dead ? | 1 million |
| What was the main US tactic? | Bombing |
| Which two other countries did US troops bomb? | Laos and Cambodia |
| Finish sentence: General _____ developed the policy of _____ and ____ | General Westmoreland and Search and destroy which consisted on the implentation of US bases along multiple coasts in vietnam where helicopters would be sent out and would descend on a village destroying any viet cong had to send back reports of body cou |
| What were the problems of search and destroy? | Raids often based on inadequate info, inexperienced US troops often walked in on troops, Innocent villages were mistaken for viet cong, counterproductive procured resentment |
| Finish this sentence: Agent... How many million litres were used? | Agent orange, a highly toxic weedkiller to destroy jungle where viet cong hid. 82 million litres |
| Which chemical burned through skin to the bone? | Napalm |
| What was the average age of conscription? | 19 |
| Did the conscripts know little about Vietnam and only cared on getting home alive? | Yes |
| What was very low and what did the generals introduce to tackle this issue? | Introduced a policy of giving troops just a one-year term of service but this backfired because as soon as the soldiers gained experience they were sent home. |
| During which holiday did the Tet Offensive occur in? | New Year |
| How many cities did the Viet Cong fighters attack | Over 100 cities and other military targets |
| Why was the Tet Offensive sort of a disaster for the commies? | They had hoped the people of south vietnam would rise up and join them but they didnt. |
| How many soldiers did the viet cong loose? | 10,000 experienced fighters and were badly weakened by it. |
| How many troops were there in vietnam and how much was the USA spending a year? | 500,000 20 billion |
| Inequality explain | The draft exposed racial inequality in the USA --> 30 percent of African Americans were drafted compared to only 19 percent of African Americans |
| How many young Americans had been drafted? | 900,000 |
| How many students were involved in protests? What was a popular saying? What did they do which was an illegal offense? | 40,000. Hey LBJ how many kids did you kill today? Burn the US flag |
| How many Antiwar protestors demonstrated in Washington DC? | 700,000 (the largest political protest) |
| How many did the _____ kill? And how many weapons were found? | 300-400 civilians only 3 weapons |
| Who had evidence of something rather dark and bloody? | Ronald Ridenhour |
| Who was mainly charged and what number other members were charged? | Lietentant William Calley, ten other members |
| How long was he sentenced to? | twenty years hard labour |
| When and where was the peace with ___ signed? | The peace with honour was signed in Jan 1973 in Paris |
| What was one of the bleakest symbols? | Vietnamese men, women, and children trying to clamber abroad American helicopters taking off from the US embassy |
Created by:
lola888