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Astronomy Exam

Itawamba Community College

The hydrogen in our solar system was created from subatomic particles in _____. the Big Bang
Which of the following IS a characteristic of Jovian planets? low average density
Which of the solar system objects listed below is most similar to Earth's in terms of mass and density? Venus
The lunar maria are the lava plains of the lunar lowlands.
In the giant impact theory of the Moon's origin, the Moon formed when a very massive planetesimal smashed into the young Earth.
The geology of Venus appears to be dominated by volcanism
Why is Saturn oblate? The rapid rotation of the planet flattens it.
Uranus and Neptune appear blue or blue-green because traces of methane in their atmospheres absorb red light very efficiently.
Most of the asteroids orbit the Sun in a belt between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter
The impact of a large asteroid comet with Earth has been proposed to have caused the extinction of the dinosaurs. The impact site of this comet is in or near Chicxulub, Mexico
In the H-R diagram, 90 percent of all stars are on the main sequence.
The ____ of a star is a measure of the total energy radiated by the star in one second. luminosity
While on the main sequence, a star's primary energy source comes from nuclear fusion.
Star clusters are important to the study of stellar evolution because stars in a given cluster have the same age
A(n) ___ is a collection of 100 to 1000 stars in a region about 25 pc in diameter. The stars in the collection are typically quite young. open cluster
The Crab nebula is supernova remnant.
The size of a neutron star is smaller than any of these.
The ___ of a black hole is the radius from a clack hole at which the escape velocity is approximately equal to the speed of light. event horizon
The center of our galaxy lies in the direction of ( but far beyond ) the stars in the constellation of Sagittarius.
Nucleosynthesis is the process by which hydrogen and helium are converted into heavier elements.
It is believed that ring galaxies form when two galaxies collide nearly head on at high speed.
Quasars are most common with red shifts of about 2
Astronomers have found the center of the universe to be located at ( in ) No center is thought to exist
The ____ view of the universe is that it is eternal and unchanging. static
Based on current observations, ___ has a heavy element core, and a very compressed liquid layer and atmosphere both made mostly of hydrogen. Jupiter
Which of the following is NOT one of the four stages in the development of a terrestrial planet? fusion of hydrogen to helium
Motion of the plates of Earth's crust is thought to be due to convection from the hot interior.
Which of the following is not produced by plate tectonics? Earth's magnetic field
In the development of a terrestrial planet, the stage of ____ when dense material settled to the core and less dense to the outer parts. differentiation
Jupiter does not have crustal plates on its surface.
Why is Saturn's moon Titan able to retain an atmosphere? Titan has a large enough mass and is cold enough.
Comets falling into the inner solar system from the ___ are called long-period comets. Oort Cloud
Stars on the main sequence with the greatest mass are spectral type O stars.
If two stars are emitting the same amount of light, the star that is farther will appear dimmer
Stars are born in dense molecular clouds.
What characteristic of a star primarily determines its location on the main sequence? mass
The explosion of a supernova typically leaves behind a shell of hot, expanding gas with a pulsar at the center.
Giant or supergiant stars are rare because the giant or supergiant stage is very short.
___ are neutron stars that have magnetic fields 100 times stronger than the average neutron star. Magnetars
Pulsars cannot be spinning white dwarfs because a white dwarf spinning that fast would fly apart.
The energy source at the center of our galaxy all of the above (is not visible at optical wavelengths produces X-rays, and must be less than 10 AU in diameter)
____ galaxies have a great many short spiral segments branching from the spiral arms. Flocculent
What is the major observational difference between a Seyfert galaxy and a normal spiral galaxy? The central region of a Seyfert galaxy is much brighter.
What type of galaxies do astronomers believe to be the most common? Elliptical
As the universe cooled, it eventually reached a temperature of 3,000 K and protons were able to capture and hold electrons to form neutral hydrogen. This process is known as recombination.
When a proton and an antiproton collide they destroy each other and produce energy in the form of gamma rays.
Accretion is the adding of material to an object by collection of solid particles.
The greenhouse effect produces excess heat in a planet's atmosphere by trapping infrared radiation from escaping into space.
The greenhouse effect keeps Venus hot because the atmosphere is predominantly carbon dioxide.
Both Jupiter and Saturn all of the above ( have liquid metallic hydrogen in their interiors have rings, emit more energy than they absorb from the sun, and have a belt and zone circulation)
How is the coma of a comet produced? Ices vaporize to become gas that form the coma around the comet.
The ___ is disk-shaped cloud of icy bodies believed to extend from about 40 AU (the orbit of Pluto) out to 100 AU. It is believed that most short period comets originate from this region. Kuiper belt
In a binary system, the more massive star is nearest the center of mass.
Which of the following kinds of stars is most dense? a white dwarf
What force(s) are responsible for the collapse of an interstellar cloud? gravity
A nova is almost always associated with a white dwarf in a close binary system.
A neutron star is expected to spin rapidly because they conserved angular momentum when they collapsed.
As material flows into a black hole a) and b),(the material will experience time dilation, the material will become hotter.
Who first determined that the energy/sec emitted (luminosity of) Cepheid variable stars is larger the longer period of variation is? Henrietta Leavitt
The Milky Way galaxy is part of the Local Group.
What is the primary factor in determining the classification for an elliptical galaxy? Shape
The Hubble time is an estimate of the age of the universe based on the Hubble constant.
The age of the solar system if believed to be approximately 4.6 billion years based on the data from all of the above (samples of lunar, Earth rocks, meteorites)
The satellites discovered by Galileo orbit the planet Jupiter.
Which of the following terrestrial planets has the most difficult time retaining an atmosphere? Mercury
Slow surface evolution on the moon is limited to low level meteorite impacts.
The presence of vesicular basalts among the lunar rock samples shows that molten lava once flowed over the lunar surface.
That Mercury has a large iron core is evidenced by the large mean density of Mercury.
Which of the Galilean satellites is most geologically active? Io
The Galilean satellites orbit Jupiter
A bit of matter that enters Earth's atmosphere and survives to reach the ground is called a meteorite
The two most abundant elements in the Sun are hydrogen and helium.
The escape velocity at the event horizon around a black hole is equal to the speed of light.
The first pulsar was discovered by ___ in November 1967. Jocelyn Bell
Younger stars have more heavy elements because the heavy elements were made in previous generations of stars.
Pulsating variable stars are useful in determining the distance to globular clusters.
Astronomers now speculate that a galaxy's shape depends on all of the following except All of these may be important in determining a galaxy's shape.
An extrasolar planet is a planet found orbiting around a star other than the sun.
The crust of Mars is believed to ____ than Earth's. be much stronger
Which of the following is NOT one of the four stages in the development of a terrestrial planet? fusion of hydrogen to helium
The rotation of Uranus is peculiar in that the axis is nearly parallel to the plane of its orbit.
The most common stars are lower (less luminous) main sequence stars.
Two stars of the same spectral class must have the same temperature
Convection is important in stars because it b and c
___ is the thermonuclear fusion of hydrogen to form helium operating in the cores of massive stars on the main sequence. The CNO cycle
A neutron star is expected to spin rapidly because they conserved angular momentum when they collapsed
A ___ has a radius of about 10 km and is supported by the pressure associated with degenerate neutrons neutron star
How did Harlow Shapley determine where the center of the galaxy lies? He plotted the distribution of globular clusters
Most of the mass of a galaxy is contained in the dark matter of the galaxy.
If the universe is closed and finite, then none of these
As the universe cooled, it eventually reached a temperature of 3,000 K and protons were able to capture and hold electrons to form neutral hydrogen. This process is known as recombination
A(n) ____ is a solar system object that enters Earth's atmosphere and becomes very hot due to friction between the object and Earth's atmosphere and does not survive to reach the surface. meteor
The first small solid grains or flakes formed in our solar system by the process of ____, the addition of material to an object an atom or molecule at a time. condensation
In the condensation theory of the Moon's origin the Earth and its Moon formed from the same cloud of matter
The youngest parts of Earth's crust are the midocean rifts.
That the moon has no magnetic field implies that the moon's core contains little if any molten iron
Which of the following is not produced by plate tectonics? Earth's magnetic field
A meteor shower is produced when Earth passes through the orbital path of a comet
The gas tail of a comet always points away from the Sun
What physical processes have led to the creation of stone and iron meteorites from carbonaceous chondrite asteroids Collison only
The average star spends ___ of its lifetime on the main sequence 90%
___ are star-like objects that contain less than 0.08 solar masses and will never raise their core temperatures high enought that the proton-proton chain can begin. Other minor fusion reactions do occur in these objects. They fall in a gap between the l Brown dwarfs
Protostars are difficult to observe all of the above
As a main sequence star exhausts hydrogen in its core, it next becomes a red giant star
After what evolutionary stage does a star become a white dwarf Giant
A nova is almost always associated with a white dwarf in a close binary system
The mass of a neutron star is several times that of the sun
The escape velocity at the event horizon around a black hole is equal to the speed of light
____ occurs when light travels out of a gravitational field, loses energy and its wavelength grows longer A gravitational redshift
Observations from the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory showed that gamma-ray bursters were located throughout the sky. This told us that all of the above
Our galaxy is suspected to be surrounded by a galactic halo or corona because the disk of the galaxy rotates faster than expected in its outer region.
Which of the following cannot be associated with the spiral arms of a galaxy? Metal poor stars
Which of the following not a characteristic of the stars of the disk component of our galaxy randomly inclined orbits
The age of the Milky Way galaxy has been estimated to be at least 13 billion years based on observations of globular clusters
How did Harlow Shapley determine where the center of the galaxy lies He plotted the distribution of globular clusters
All ___ galaxies are spiral galaxies that have small luminous nuclei Seyfert
Poor clusters contain fewer than 1000 galaxies and tend to be irregularly shaped
The Hubble Law is a relation between a galaxy's distance and its recession velocity
How are astronomers able to determine that quasars are so small They are variable over a short period of time
Seyfert galaxies a and b
The assumption of isotropy states that the universe looks the same in all directions over sufficiently great distances.
During the first moments of the big bang when elements could be created, nuclear fusion reactions made few heavy elements because no stable nuclei exist with masses of 5 or 8 hydrogen masses
The assumption of homogeneity states that the universe looks the same from all locations over sufficiently great distances
Astronomers have found the center of the universe to be located at ( in ) No center is thought to exist
Current searches for extraterrestrial intelligence use radio telescopes at wavelengths Both conditions "a" and "b" above must be fulfilled.
As the universe cooled, it eventually reached a temperature of 3,000 K and protons were able to capture and hold electrons to form neutral hydrogen. This process is known as recombination
The Miller experiment created amino acids
________ is a segment of a chromosome that controls a specific function A gene
An offspring born with altered DNA due to radioactivity, cosmic rays, or errors in reproduction is called a mutant
Why are massive main sequence stars not likely to have planets that contain life These stars are on the main sequence for too short a time to allow life to evolve
The oldest rocks found on Earth are about ____ years old. 3.9 billion
Mercury's major atmospheric gas is Misleading ; the atmosphere is virtually nonexistent.
Besides Earth, which of the terrestrial planets and/or satellites of terrestrial planets show(s) evidence for the possible existence of liquid water flowing on its surface in the past? Mars
Which of these gases is most responsible for the greenhouse effect on Earth? Carbon dioxide (CO2)
The ____ of a planet is the region around the planet where the magnetic field is able to deflect the solar wind and other charged particles. magnetosphere
A star's luminosity depends only on the star's temperature and diameter
Interstellar gas clouds may collapse to form stars if they encounter a shock wave
Protostars are difficult to observe all of the above
Giant or supergiant stars are rare because the giant or supergiant stage is very short
After what evolutionary stage does a star become a white dwarf Giant
In A.D. 1054, Chinese astronomers observed the appearance of a new star, whose location is now occupied by all of the above
The age of the Milky Way galaxy has been estimated to be at least 13 billion years based on observations of globular clusters
A ___ generally contains well over 1000 galaxies and is quite dense. They often contain many giant elliptical galaxies. rich cluster
The ____ view of the universe is that it is eternal and unchanging static
Created by: isa.worsham
 

 



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