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Italy Post-WWI Crisi
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What treaty ended WWI? | Treaty of Versailles |
| Why were Italians unsatisfied with the Treaty of Versailles? | They didn’t get much territory from A-H after losing 600,000 soldiers in the war |
| What were 4 economic problems Italy faced after WWI? | unemployment, inflation, arms manufacturing firms went bankrupt, frequent strikes |
| How bad was inflation in Italy after WWI? | lira worth only ⅙ of its prewar value |
| What two types of labor unions opposed each other post-WWI? | Socialist vs. Catholic |
| Why couldn’t Italy’s govt. restore order post WWI? | gridlock in Parliament b/c too many political parties. no party had a majority, so no laws could get passed. |
| Name 2 reasons Italians feared socialism post-WWI? | 1917 Bolshevik Rev. led to mass executions & Civil War in Russia; large strikes paralyzed the economy and often led to violence in Italy |
| What was the biennio rosso? | ”two red years,” 1919-1920, high point of socialist uprisings, strikes, and worker occupations of factories |
| What was the biennio nero? | ”two black years,” 1921-22, Blackshirt violence suppressed socialists |
| How did the Blackshirts suppress socialists? | violently attacked strikers, beatings, castor oil, burned down union offices and socialist newspaper offices (Avanti!), killed est. 2000 |
| How did Italian police and local govts respond to Fascists & Blackshirts? | generally supported them; looked the other way at anti-socialist violence |
| How successful were Fascists at suppressing socialist unions? | very. The Federterra (agricultural workers union) shrank from 1 million to 6,000, 1920 - 1925 |
| What were “ras”? | fascist leaders who controlled towns or regions in Italy pre-1922; often unelected |
| What pressured Mussolini to organize the march on Rome? | other Fascist leaders seized power in 3 cities; M. feared he was losing control of the Fascist movement |